Main Article Content
Abstract
The call to be a pastor in the post-truth era has resulted in the birth of church leaders who lack competence. This problem is challenging for the church to rethink what a true shepherd looks like. This research examines a very famous metaphor from John chapter 10:1-18. It describes how a good shepherd is a characteristic every church leader must have. This research provides three profiles of a good shepherd: content, character, and competence. These three values make a pastor an impactful leader. Here, pastors need to be seen as others who are present as role models, not just leaders with various functions and characters. By studying theology, it is necessary to understand pastors in the current context.
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References
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- Anthony, Librecht. 2018. Gembala Yang Ideal. Malang: Gandum Mas.
- Bailey, Kenneth E. 2014. The Good Shepherd: A Thousand-Year Journey from Psalm 23 to the New Testament. Grand Rapids: IVP Academic.
- Bruner, Frederick Dale. 2012. Gospel of John: TPNTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
- Budiman, Sabda, Yelicia, and Krido Siswanto. 2021. “Model Kepemimpinan Yesus Dalam Injil Yohanes Sebagai Teladan Bagi Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Gereja Lokal.” KINAA: Jurnal Kepemimpinan Kristen Dan Pemberdayaan Jemaat 2, no. 1: 28. https://kinaa.iakn-toraja.ac.id/index.php/ojsdatakinaa/article/view/29.
- Carson, D.A. 1991. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
- Colin G. Kruse. 2000. The Letters of John (Pillar New Testament Commentary (PNTC). Edited by D.A. Carson. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
- Duduit, Michael. 2017. “Theological Education And Ministry Calling.” In Theology, Church, and Ministry: Handbook for Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
- Eckhard J. Schnabel. 2015. “Missions in the Apostolic Church.” In Missiology: An Introduction to the Foundations, History, and Strategies of World Missions, edited by John Mark Terry, 69–86. Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group.
- Ford, David F. 2021. The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
- Haddad, Beverley. 2016. “Curriculum Design in Theology and Development: Human Agency and the Prophetic Role of the Church.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 72, no. 4: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3432.
- Halim, Makmur. 2000. Gereja Di Tengah Perubahan Dunia. Malang: Gandum Mas.
- Hamilton, J. M. 2014. “Did the Church Borrow Leadership Structures from the Old Testament or Synagogue?” In Shepherding God’s Flock: Biblical Leadership in the New Testament and Beyond, edited by Benjamin Merkle and Thomas Schreiner. Michigan: Kregel Academic.
- Haris, Dana M. 2017. “Theological Education and Spiritual Formation.” In Theology, Church and Ministry: Handbook For Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
- Keener, Craig S. 2003. The Gospel of John A Commentary (Vol.1). Grand Rapids: Bacer Academic.
- Kostenberger, Andreas J. 2009. A Theology of John’s Gospel and Letters. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
- Köstenberger, Andreas J. 2015. Encountering John: Injil Dalam Perspektif Sejarah, Sastra, Dan Teologis. Malang: Literatur Saat.
- Kurniaman Gea. 2020. “Pola Penggembalaan Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18 Implementasinya Bagi Jemaat Yang Multikultural.” Ebenhaezer, Jurnal Matetes STT 1, no. 1: 48–59. https://jurnal.stte.ac.id/index.php/matetes/article/view/18.
- Laniak, Timothy S. 2006. Shepherds after My Own Heart: Pastoral Traditions and Leadership in the Bible. Edited by D.A. Carson. Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press.
- Marisi, Candra Gunawan, Didimus Sutanto, and Ardianto Lahagu. 2020. “Teologi Pastoral Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Era Post-Modern: Tinjauan Yesaya 40: 11.” Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika 3, no. 2: 120–32. https://ojs.sttrealbatam.ac.id/index.php/diegesis/article/view/80/25.
- Neyrey, Jerome H. 2001. “The ‘Noble Shepherd’ in John 10: Cultural and Rhetorical Background.” Journal of Biblical Literature 120, no. 2: 267. https://doi.org/10.2307/3268295.
- Prawiromaruto, Imanuel Herman, and Kalis Stevanus. 2022. “Pendidikan Karakter Kristen Melalui Pengutamaan Formasi Rohani.” DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 7, no. 2: 543–56. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v7i2.926.
- Simanjuntak, Dapot Tua, and Joseph Christ Santo. 2019. “Kepemimpinan Gembala Sidang Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Jemaat: Sebuah Refleksi 1 Petrus 5.” Paria 6, no. 1: 66–76.
- Siswanto, A. 2022. “Pembelajaran Gembala Gereja Di Era Abad 21 Studi Biblika Berdasarkan Eksposisi Yohanes 10: 1-18.” Jurnal Excelsior Pendidikan 21: 1–18. https://excelsiorpendidikan.sttexcelsius.ac.id/index.php/JEP/article/view/22.
- Situmorang, Jonar. 2019. “Kajian Biblika Tentang Yesus Sebagai Pintu Dan Gembala Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” Visio Dei: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 1, no. 2: 259–76. https://doi.org/10.35909/visiodei.v1i2.30.
- Sproul, R.C. 2009. John: An Expositional Commentary. Florida: Reformation Trust Publishing.
- Sumiwi, Asih Rachmani Endang. 2020. “Gembala Sidang Yang Baik Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” HARVESTER: Jurnal Teologi Dan Kepemimpinan Kristen 4, no. 2: 74–93. https://doi.org/10.52104/harvester.v4i2.16.
- Tambunan, Fernando. 2018. “Karakter Kepemimpinan Kristen Sebagai Jawaban Terhadap Krisis Kepemimpinan Masa Kini.” ILLUMINATE: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 1: 81–104. https://doi.org/10.54024/illuminate.v1i1.6.
- Waharman. 2015. “Prinsip Pengembalaan Dalam Mazmur 23.” Manna Rafflesia 2, no. April: 1–23.
- Witmer, Timothy Z. 2010. The Shepherd Leader: Achieving Effective Shepherding in Your Church. Philipsburg: P&R Publishing.
- Achtemeier, Paul J.; Joël B. Green; Marianne Meye Thompson. 2001. Introducing The New Testament: Its Literature and Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
- Anthony, Librecht. 2018. Gembala Yang Ideal. Malang: Gandum Mas.
- Bailey, Kenneth E. 2014. The Good Shepherd: A Thousand-Year Journey from Psalm 23 to the New Testament. Grand Rapids: IVP Academic.
- Bruner, Frederick Dale. 2012. Gospel of John: TPNTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
- Budiman, Sabda, Yelicia, and Krido Siswanto. 2021. “Model Kepemimpinan Yesus Dalam Injil Yohanes Sebagai Teladan Bagi Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Gereja Lokal.” KINAA: Jurnal Kepemimpinan Kristen Dan Pemberdayaan Jemaat 2, no. 1: 28. https://kinaa.iakn-toraja.ac.id/index.php/ojsdatakinaa/article/view/29.
- Carson, D.A. 1991. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
- Colin G. Kruse. 2000. The Letters of John (Pillar New Testament Commentary (PNTC). Edited by D.A. Carson. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
- Duduit, Michael. 2017. “Theological Education And Ministry Calling.” In Theology, Church, and Ministry: Handbook for Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
- Eckhard J. Schnabel. 2015. “Missions in the Apostolic Church.” In Missiology: An Introduction to the Foundations, History, and Strategies of World Missions, edited by John Mark Terry, 69–86. Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group.
- Ford, David F. 2021. The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
- Haddad, Beverley. 2016. “Curriculum Design in Theology and Development: Human Agency and the Prophetic Role of the Church.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 72, no. 4: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3432.
- Halim, Makmur. 2000. Gereja Di Tengah Perubahan Dunia. Malang: Gandum Mas.
- Hamilton, J. M. 2014. “Did the Church Borrow Leadership Structures from the Old Testament or Synagogue?” In Shepherding God’s Flock: Biblical Leadership in the New Testament and Beyond, edited by Benjamin Merkle and Thomas Schreiner. Michigan: Kregel Academic.
- Haris, Dana M. 2017. “Theological Education and Spiritual Formation.” In Theology, Church and Ministry: Handbook For Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
- Keener, Craig S. 2003. The Gospel of John A Commentary (Vol.1). Grand Rapids: Bacer Academic.
- Kostenberger, Andreas J. 2009. A Theology of John’s Gospel and Letters. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
- Köstenberger, Andreas J. 2015. Encountering John: Injil Dalam Perspektif Sejarah, Sastra, Dan Teologis. Malang: Literatur Saat.
- Kurniaman Gea. 2020. “Pola Penggembalaan Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18 Implementasinya Bagi Jemaat Yang Multikultural.” Ebenhaezer, Jurnal Matetes STT 1, no. 1: 48–59. https://jurnal.stte.ac.id/index.php/matetes/article/view/18.
- Laniak, Timothy S. 2006. Shepherds after My Own Heart: Pastoral Traditions and Leadership in the Bible. Edited by D.A. Carson. Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press.
- Marisi, Candra Gunawan, Didimus Sutanto, and Ardianto Lahagu. 2020. “Teologi Pastoral Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Era Post-Modern: Tinjauan Yesaya 40: 11.” Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika 3, no. 2: 120–32. https://ojs.sttrealbatam.ac.id/index.php/diegesis/article/view/80/25.
- Neyrey, Jerome H. 2001. “The ‘Noble Shepherd’ in John 10: Cultural and Rhetorical Background.” Journal of Biblical Literature 120, no. 2: 267. https://doi.org/10.2307/3268295.
- Prawiromaruto, Imanuel Herman, and Kalis Stevanus. 2022. “Pendidikan Karakter Kristen Melalui Pengutamaan Formasi Rohani.” DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 7, no. 2: 543–56. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v7i2.926.
- Simanjuntak, Dapot Tua, and Joseph Christ Santo. 2019. “Kepemimpinan Gembala Sidang Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Jemaat: Sebuah Refleksi 1 Petrus 5.” Paria 6, no. 1: 66–76.
- Siswanto, A. 2022. “Pembelajaran Gembala Gereja Di Era Abad 21 Studi Biblika Berdasarkan Eksposisi Yohanes 10: 1-18.” Jurnal Excelsior Pendidikan 21: 1–18. https://excelsiorpendidikan.sttexcelsius.ac.id/index.php/JEP/article/view/22.
- Situmorang, Jonar. 2019. “Kajian Biblika Tentang Yesus Sebagai Pintu Dan Gembala Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” Visio Dei: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 1, no. 2: 259–76. https://doi.org/10.35909/visiodei.v1i2.30.
- Sproul, R.C. 2009. John: An Expositional Commentary. Florida: Reformation Trust Publishing.
- Sumiwi, Asih Rachmani Endang. 2020. “Gembala Sidang Yang Baik Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” HARVESTER: Jurnal Teologi Dan Kepemimpinan Kristen 4, no. 2: 74–93. https://doi.org/10.52104/harvester.v4i2.16.
- Tambunan, Fernando. 2018. “Karakter Kepemimpinan Kristen Sebagai Jawaban Terhadap Krisis Kepemimpinan Masa Kini.” ILLUMINATE: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 1: 81–104. https://doi.org/10.54024/illuminate.v1i1.6.
- Waharman. 2015. “Prinsip Pengembalaan Dalam Mazmur 23.” Manna Rafflesia 2, no. April: 1–23.
- Witmer, Timothy Z. 2010. The Shepherd Leader: Achieving Effective Shepherding in Your Church. Philipsburg: P&R Publishing.
References
Achtemeier, Paul J.; Joël B. Green; Marianne Meye Thompson. 2001. Introducing The New Testament: Its Literature and Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Anthony, Librecht. 2018. Gembala Yang Ideal. Malang: Gandum Mas.
Bailey, Kenneth E. 2014. The Good Shepherd: A Thousand-Year Journey from Psalm 23 to the New Testament. Grand Rapids: IVP Academic.
Bruner, Frederick Dale. 2012. Gospel of John: TPNTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
Budiman, Sabda, Yelicia, and Krido Siswanto. 2021. “Model Kepemimpinan Yesus Dalam Injil Yohanes Sebagai Teladan Bagi Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Gereja Lokal.” KINAA: Jurnal Kepemimpinan Kristen Dan Pemberdayaan Jemaat 2, no. 1: 28. https://kinaa.iakn-toraja.ac.id/index.php/ojsdatakinaa/article/view/29.
Carson, D.A. 1991. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Colin G. Kruse. 2000. The Letters of John (Pillar New Testament Commentary (PNTC). Edited by D.A. Carson. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
Duduit, Michael. 2017. “Theological Education And Ministry Calling.” In Theology, Church, and Ministry: Handbook for Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
Eckhard J. Schnabel. 2015. “Missions in the Apostolic Church.” In Missiology: An Introduction to the Foundations, History, and Strategies of World Missions, edited by John Mark Terry, 69–86. Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group.
Ford, David F. 2021. The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Haddad, Beverley. 2016. “Curriculum Design in Theology and Development: Human Agency and the Prophetic Role of the Church.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 72, no. 4: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3432.
Halim, Makmur. 2000. Gereja Di Tengah Perubahan Dunia. Malang: Gandum Mas.
Hamilton, J. M. 2014. “Did the Church Borrow Leadership Structures from the Old Testament or Synagogue?” In Shepherding God’s Flock: Biblical Leadership in the New Testament and Beyond, edited by Benjamin Merkle and Thomas Schreiner. Michigan: Kregel Academic.
Haris, Dana M. 2017. “Theological Education and Spiritual Formation.” In Theology, Church and Ministry: Handbook For Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
Keener, Craig S. 2003. The Gospel of John A Commentary (Vol.1). Grand Rapids: Bacer Academic.
Kostenberger, Andreas J. 2009. A Theology of John’s Gospel and Letters. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
Köstenberger, Andreas J. 2015. Encountering John: Injil Dalam Perspektif Sejarah, Sastra, Dan Teologis. Malang: Literatur Saat.
Kurniaman Gea. 2020. “Pola Penggembalaan Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18 Implementasinya Bagi Jemaat Yang Multikultural.” Ebenhaezer, Jurnal Matetes STT 1, no. 1: 48–59. https://jurnal.stte.ac.id/index.php/matetes/article/view/18.
Laniak, Timothy S. 2006. Shepherds after My Own Heart: Pastoral Traditions and Leadership in the Bible. Edited by D.A. Carson. Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press.
Marisi, Candra Gunawan, Didimus Sutanto, and Ardianto Lahagu. 2020. “Teologi Pastoral Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Era Post-Modern: Tinjauan Yesaya 40: 11.” Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika 3, no. 2: 120–32. https://ojs.sttrealbatam.ac.id/index.php/diegesis/article/view/80/25.
Neyrey, Jerome H. 2001. “The ‘Noble Shepherd’ in John 10: Cultural and Rhetorical Background.” Journal of Biblical Literature 120, no. 2: 267. https://doi.org/10.2307/3268295.
Prawiromaruto, Imanuel Herman, and Kalis Stevanus. 2022. “Pendidikan Karakter Kristen Melalui Pengutamaan Formasi Rohani.” DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 7, no. 2: 543–56. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v7i2.926.
Simanjuntak, Dapot Tua, and Joseph Christ Santo. 2019. “Kepemimpinan Gembala Sidang Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Jemaat: Sebuah Refleksi 1 Petrus 5.” Paria 6, no. 1: 66–76.
Siswanto, A. 2022. “Pembelajaran Gembala Gereja Di Era Abad 21 Studi Biblika Berdasarkan Eksposisi Yohanes 10: 1-18.” Jurnal Excelsior Pendidikan 21: 1–18. https://excelsiorpendidikan.sttexcelsius.ac.id/index.php/JEP/article/view/22.
Situmorang, Jonar. 2019. “Kajian Biblika Tentang Yesus Sebagai Pintu Dan Gembala Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” Visio Dei: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 1, no. 2: 259–76. https://doi.org/10.35909/visiodei.v1i2.30.
Sproul, R.C. 2009. John: An Expositional Commentary. Florida: Reformation Trust Publishing.
Sumiwi, Asih Rachmani Endang. 2020. “Gembala Sidang Yang Baik Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” HARVESTER: Jurnal Teologi Dan Kepemimpinan Kristen 4, no. 2: 74–93. https://doi.org/10.52104/harvester.v4i2.16.
Tambunan, Fernando. 2018. “Karakter Kepemimpinan Kristen Sebagai Jawaban Terhadap Krisis Kepemimpinan Masa Kini.” ILLUMINATE: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 1: 81–104. https://doi.org/10.54024/illuminate.v1i1.6.
Waharman. 2015. “Prinsip Pengembalaan Dalam Mazmur 23.” Manna Rafflesia 2, no. April: 1–23.
Witmer, Timothy Z. 2010. The Shepherd Leader: Achieving Effective Shepherding in Your Church. Philipsburg: P&R Publishing.
Achtemeier, Paul J.; Joël B. Green; Marianne Meye Thompson. 2001. Introducing The New Testament: Its Literature and Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Anthony, Librecht. 2018. Gembala Yang Ideal. Malang: Gandum Mas.
Bailey, Kenneth E. 2014. The Good Shepherd: A Thousand-Year Journey from Psalm 23 to the New Testament. Grand Rapids: IVP Academic.
Bruner, Frederick Dale. 2012. Gospel of John: TPNTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
Budiman, Sabda, Yelicia, and Krido Siswanto. 2021. “Model Kepemimpinan Yesus Dalam Injil Yohanes Sebagai Teladan Bagi Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Gereja Lokal.” KINAA: Jurnal Kepemimpinan Kristen Dan Pemberdayaan Jemaat 2, no. 1: 28. https://kinaa.iakn-toraja.ac.id/index.php/ojsdatakinaa/article/view/29.
Carson, D.A. 1991. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Colin G. Kruse. 2000. The Letters of John (Pillar New Testament Commentary (PNTC). Edited by D.A. Carson. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing.
Duduit, Michael. 2017. “Theological Education And Ministry Calling.” In Theology, Church, and Ministry: Handbook for Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
Eckhard J. Schnabel. 2015. “Missions in the Apostolic Church.” In Missiology: An Introduction to the Foundations, History, and Strategies of World Missions, edited by John Mark Terry, 69–86. Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group.
Ford, David F. 2021. The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Haddad, Beverley. 2016. “Curriculum Design in Theology and Development: Human Agency and the Prophetic Role of the Church.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 72, no. 4: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3432.
Halim, Makmur. 2000. Gereja Di Tengah Perubahan Dunia. Malang: Gandum Mas.
Hamilton, J. M. 2014. “Did the Church Borrow Leadership Structures from the Old Testament or Synagogue?” In Shepherding God’s Flock: Biblical Leadership in the New Testament and Beyond, edited by Benjamin Merkle and Thomas Schreiner. Michigan: Kregel Academic.
Haris, Dana M. 2017. “Theological Education and Spiritual Formation.” In Theology, Church and Ministry: Handbook For Theological Education, edited by David S. Dockery. Nashville: B&H Academic.
Keener, Craig S. 2003. The Gospel of John A Commentary (Vol.1). Grand Rapids: Bacer Academic.
Kostenberger, Andreas J. 2009. A Theology of John’s Gospel and Letters. Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
Köstenberger, Andreas J. 2015. Encountering John: Injil Dalam Perspektif Sejarah, Sastra, Dan Teologis. Malang: Literatur Saat.
Kurniaman Gea. 2020. “Pola Penggembalaan Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18 Implementasinya Bagi Jemaat Yang Multikultural.” Ebenhaezer, Jurnal Matetes STT 1, no. 1: 48–59. https://jurnal.stte.ac.id/index.php/matetes/article/view/18.
Laniak, Timothy S. 2006. Shepherds after My Own Heart: Pastoral Traditions and Leadership in the Bible. Edited by D.A. Carson. Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press.
Marisi, Candra Gunawan, Didimus Sutanto, and Ardianto Lahagu. 2020. “Teologi Pastoral Dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Kepemimpinan Kristen Di Era Post-Modern: Tinjauan Yesaya 40: 11.” Diegesis: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika 3, no. 2: 120–32. https://ojs.sttrealbatam.ac.id/index.php/diegesis/article/view/80/25.
Neyrey, Jerome H. 2001. “The ‘Noble Shepherd’ in John 10: Cultural and Rhetorical Background.” Journal of Biblical Literature 120, no. 2: 267. https://doi.org/10.2307/3268295.
Prawiromaruto, Imanuel Herman, and Kalis Stevanus. 2022. “Pendidikan Karakter Kristen Melalui Pengutamaan Formasi Rohani.” DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 7, no. 2: 543–56. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v7i2.926.
Simanjuntak, Dapot Tua, and Joseph Christ Santo. 2019. “Kepemimpinan Gembala Sidang Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Jemaat: Sebuah Refleksi 1 Petrus 5.” Paria 6, no. 1: 66–76.
Siswanto, A. 2022. “Pembelajaran Gembala Gereja Di Era Abad 21 Studi Biblika Berdasarkan Eksposisi Yohanes 10: 1-18.” Jurnal Excelsior Pendidikan 21: 1–18. https://excelsiorpendidikan.sttexcelsius.ac.id/index.php/JEP/article/view/22.
Situmorang, Jonar. 2019. “Kajian Biblika Tentang Yesus Sebagai Pintu Dan Gembala Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” Visio Dei: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 1, no. 2: 259–76. https://doi.org/10.35909/visiodei.v1i2.30.
Sproul, R.C. 2009. John: An Expositional Commentary. Florida: Reformation Trust Publishing.
Sumiwi, Asih Rachmani Endang. 2020. “Gembala Sidang Yang Baik Menurut Yohanes 10:1-18.” HARVESTER: Jurnal Teologi Dan Kepemimpinan Kristen 4, no. 2: 74–93. https://doi.org/10.52104/harvester.v4i2.16.
Tambunan, Fernando. 2018. “Karakter Kepemimpinan Kristen Sebagai Jawaban Terhadap Krisis Kepemimpinan Masa Kini.” ILLUMINATE: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristiani 1, no. 1: 81–104. https://doi.org/10.54024/illuminate.v1i1.6.
Waharman. 2015. “Prinsip Pengembalaan Dalam Mazmur 23.” Manna Rafflesia 2, no. April: 1–23.
Witmer, Timothy Z. 2010. The Shepherd Leader: Achieving Effective Shepherding in Your Church. Philipsburg: P&R Publishing.