MISIONAL EKLESIOLOGI BUDAYA DIGITAL: MENGURAI TANTANGAN GEJALA TRANSHUMANIS DAN CYBORG

Tony Salurante

doi:10.47457/phr.v6i2.422

Submitted

30 October 2023

Accepted

27 November 2023

Published

22 December 2023

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Abstract

Not only philosophy, ethics, and other fields but also ecclesiological life are facing severe challenges from the impact of digital culture, which continues to develop endlessly. This context encourages the church to think further about something new to predict what will happen and how it should take its role. This article offers a diachronic mission approach examining current and future contexts. The church is a missionary whose identity is to present the values of the Kingdom of God for His glory. This research indicates that the development of digital culture will be contrary to the Christian faith. This digital world is a context that God allows to occur to prepare for life in the church; every believer understands the challenges of transhumanists and cyborgs around them.

Keywords

budaya digital misional kklesiologi teologi misi transhumanism digital culture missional ecclesiology mission theology transhumanism

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References

Baito, Linus. 2021. “Hasrat Transhumanisme Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19: Sebuah Upaya Memahami Identitas Diri Melalui Pendekatan Teologi Interkultural.” Kurios 7, no. 2: 217. https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v7i2.294.
Bevans, Stephen B., Darrell L. Guder, Ruth P. DeBorst, Edward Rommen, and Ed Stetzer. 2016. The Mission of the Church. Edited by Craig Ott. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Bosch, David J. 2018. Transformasi Misi Kristen: Sejarah Teologi Misi Yang Mengubah Dan Berubah. 12th ed. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.
Bussutil, Lauire George, and Susan J. Van Weelden. 2022. “The Business of Mission: An Imago Dei Model for Workplace Mission.” In The Past, Present, and Future of Evangelical Mission, edited by Narry F Santos, Xenia Ling-Yee Chan, and Gary V Nelson, 139–52. Eugene: Pickwick Publications.
Cole-Turner, Ron. 2018. “Introduction: Why the Church Should Pay Attention to Transhumanism.” In Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow, edited by Steve Donaldson and Ron Cole-Turner, 1–15. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Eppinette, Matthew. 2007. “Human 2.0: Transhumanism as a Cultural Trend.” In Veryday Theology: How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends, edited by Kevin J. Vanhoozer, Charles A. Anderson, and Michael J. Sleasman. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Glennon, Fred. 2018. “Even Cyborgs Cast a Shadow: Christian Resources and Responsibilities in Response to Transhumanism.” In Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow, edited by Steve Donaldson and Ron Cole-Turner, 209–28. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hutchings, Tim. 2017. Creating Church Online: Ritual, Community, and New Media. New York: Routledge.
Jenkins, Philip. 2006. New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jordan, Tim. 2002. Cyberpower: The Culture and Politics of Cyberspace and the Internet. Milton Park: Taylor & Francis, 2002.
Kaethler, Andy Brubacher. 2021. “The Enduring Significance of the Incarnation for the Church in a Digital Age.” Conrad Grebel Review 31, no. 2: 95–117.
Leidenhag, Mikael. 2020. “Saved through Technology: Exploring the Soteriology and Eschatology of Transhumanism.” Religion Compass 14, no. 11: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12377.
Lines, Caleb J. 2021. The Great Digital Commission: Embracing Social Media for Church Growth and Transformation. Eugene: Cascade Books.
Lints, Richard. 2015. Identity and Idolatry: The Image of God and Its Inversion. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press.
Lundby, Knut. n.d. “Dreams of Church in Cyberspace.” In Digital Religion, Social Media, and Culture: Perspectives, Practices, and Futures, edited by Pauline Hope Cheong, Peter Fischer-Nielsen, Stefan Gelfgren, and Charles Ess, 25–41. New York: Peter Lang.
Niemandt, Cornelius J.P. 2012. “Trends in Missional Ecclesiology.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 68, no. 1 (January): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v68i1.1198.
Pakpahan, Binsar Jonathan. 2021. “Mencari Definisi Kehadiran Antar-Subjek Yang Bermakna Di Ruang Digital.” BIA’: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual 4, no. 1: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.34307/b.v4i1.219.
Peng, Bo. 2022. “Digital Leadership: State Governance in the Era of Digital Technology.” Cultures of Science 5, no. 4: 210–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096608321989835.
Peterson, Ryan. 2016. The Imago Dei as Human Identity: A Theological Interpretation. Philadelphia: Penn State University Press.
R, Hawkins, and Clinton T. 2015. The New Christian Counselor: A Fresh Biblical & Transformational Approach. Oregon: Harvest House Publisher.
Robert, Dana L. 2009. Christian Mission: How Christianity Became a World Religion. United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell.
Salurante, Tony, David Kristanto, Malik, Lewi Nataniel Bora, and Nelly. 2021. “A Virtual Sacred Space Some Theological Considerations.” In International Conference on Social Science, Humanity and Public Health. Malang: Atlantis Press.
Saputro, Joko, Antonius Missa, and Abraham Pontus Sitinjak. 2022. “Memetakan Tantangan Pendidikan Kristiani Bagi Remaja Menghadapi Gaya Hidup Era Society 5.0.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen 7, no. 2: 222–36.
Schubert, Thomas. 2003. “The Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments: A Three-Componentscale Measuring Spatial Presence, Involvement and Realness.” Journal of Media Psychology 15, no. 2.
Siker, Jeffrey S. 2017. Liquid Scripture: The Bible in a Digital World. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
Spadaro, Antonio. 2014. Cybertheology: Thinking Christianity in the Era of the Internet. New York: Fordham University Press.
Thinane, Jonas. 2022. “Conceptualisation of Missio Hominum as an Expression of Imago Dei: From Missio Dei to Missio Hominum.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 78, no. 1: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i1.7061.
Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava. 2012. “Transhumanism as a Secularist Faith.” Zygon 47, no. 4: 710–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2012.01288.x.
Vanhoozer, Kevin J. 2007. “What Is Everyday Theology? How and Why Christians Should Read Culture.” In Everyday Theology How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends, edited by Kevin J. Vanhoozer, Charles A. Anderson, and Michael J. Sleasman. Grand Rapids: Bacer Academic.
Wattimena, Reza A.A. 2023. Memaknai Digitalitas: Sebuah Filsafat Dunia Digital. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Wright, Christopher J. H. 2006. The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible’s Grand Narrative. Downers Grove: IVP Academic.

References

Baito, Linus. 2021. “Hasrat Transhumanisme Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19: Sebuah Upaya Memahami Identitas Diri Melalui Pendekatan Teologi Interkultural.” Kurios 7, no. 2: 217. https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v7i2.294.

Bevans, Stephen B., Darrell L. Guder, Ruth P. DeBorst, Edward Rommen, and Ed Stetzer. 2016. The Mission of the Church. Edited by Craig Ott. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Bosch, David J. 2018. Transformasi Misi Kristen: Sejarah Teologi Misi Yang Mengubah Dan Berubah. 12th ed. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.

Bussutil, Lauire George, and Susan J. Van Weelden. 2022. “The Business of Mission: An Imago Dei Model for Workplace Mission.” In The Past, Present, and Future of Evangelical Mission, edited by Narry F Santos, Xenia Ling-Yee Chan, and Gary V Nelson, 139–52. Eugene: Pickwick Publications.

Cole-Turner, Ron. 2018. “Introduction: Why the Church Should Pay Attention to Transhumanism.” In Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow, edited by Steve Donaldson and Ron Cole-Turner, 1–15. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Eppinette, Matthew. 2007. “Human 2.0: Transhumanism as a Cultural Trend.” In Veryday Theology: How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends, edited by Kevin J. Vanhoozer, Charles A. Anderson, and Michael J. Sleasman. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.

Glennon, Fred. 2018. “Even Cyborgs Cast a Shadow: Christian Resources and Responsibilities in Response to Transhumanism.” In Christian Perspectives on Transhumanism and the Church Chips in the Brain, Immortality, and the World of Tomorrow, edited by Steve Donaldson and Ron Cole-Turner, 209–28. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hutchings, Tim. 2017. Creating Church Online: Ritual, Community, and New Media. New York: Routledge.

Jenkins, Philip. 2006. New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South. New York: Oxford University Press.

Jordan, Tim. 2002. Cyberpower: The Culture and Politics of Cyberspace and the Internet. Milton Park: Taylor & Francis, 2002.

Kaethler, Andy Brubacher. 2021. “The Enduring Significance of the Incarnation for the Church in a Digital Age.” Conrad Grebel Review 31, no. 2: 95–117.

Leidenhag, Mikael. 2020. “Saved through Technology: Exploring the Soteriology and Eschatology of Transhumanism.” Religion Compass 14, no. 11: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12377.

Lines, Caleb J. 2021. The Great Digital Commission: Embracing Social Media for Church Growth and Transformation. Eugene: Cascade Books.

Lints, Richard. 2015. Identity and Idolatry: The Image of God and Its Inversion. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press.

Lundby, Knut. n.d. “Dreams of Church in Cyberspace.” In Digital Religion, Social Media, and Culture: Perspectives, Practices, and Futures, edited by Pauline Hope Cheong, Peter Fischer-Nielsen, Stefan Gelfgren, and Charles Ess, 25–41. New York: Peter Lang.

Niemandt, Cornelius J.P. 2012. “Trends in Missional Ecclesiology.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 68, no. 1 (January): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v68i1.1198.

Pakpahan, Binsar Jonathan. 2021. “Mencari Definisi Kehadiran Antar-Subjek Yang Bermakna Di Ruang Digital.” BIA’: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual 4, no. 1: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.34307/b.v4i1.219.

Peng, Bo. 2022. “Digital Leadership: State Governance in the Era of Digital Technology.” Cultures of Science 5, no. 4: 210–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096608321989835.

Peterson, Ryan. 2016. The Imago Dei as Human Identity: A Theological Interpretation. Philadelphia: Penn State University Press.

R, Hawkins, and Clinton T. 2015. The New Christian Counselor: A Fresh Biblical & Transformational Approach. Oregon: Harvest House Publisher.

Robert, Dana L. 2009. Christian Mission: How Christianity Became a World Religion. United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell.

Salurante, Tony, David Kristanto, Malik, Lewi Nataniel Bora, and Nelly. 2021. “A Virtual Sacred Space Some Theological Considerations.” In International Conference on Social Science, Humanity and Public Health. Malang: Atlantis Press.

Saputro, Joko, Antonius Missa, and Abraham Pontus Sitinjak. 2022. “Memetakan Tantangan Pendidikan Kristiani Bagi Remaja Menghadapi Gaya Hidup Era Society 5.0.” Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Kristen 7, no. 2: 222–36.

Schubert, Thomas. 2003. “The Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments: A Three-Componentscale Measuring Spatial Presence, Involvement and Realness.” Journal of Media Psychology 15, no. 2.

Siker, Jeffrey S. 2017. Liquid Scripture: The Bible in a Digital World. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.

Spadaro, Antonio. 2014. Cybertheology: Thinking Christianity in the Era of the Internet. New York: Fordham University Press.

Thinane, Jonas. 2022. “Conceptualisation of Missio Hominum as an Expression of Imago Dei: From Missio Dei to Missio Hominum.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 78, no. 1: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i1.7061.

Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava. 2012. “Transhumanism as a Secularist Faith.” Zygon 47, no. 4: 710–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2012.01288.x.

Vanhoozer, Kevin J. 2007. “What Is Everyday Theology? How and Why Christians Should Read Culture.” In Everyday Theology How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends, edited by Kevin J. Vanhoozer, Charles A. Anderson, and Michael J. Sleasman. Grand Rapids: Bacer Academic.

Wattimena, Reza A.A. 2023. Memaknai Digitalitas: Sebuah Filsafat Dunia Digital. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Wright, Christopher J. H. 2006. The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible’s Grand Narrative. Downers Grove: IVP Academic.

MISIONAL EKLESIOLOGI BUDAYA DIGITAL: MENGURAI TANTANGAN GEJALA TRANSHUMANIS DAN CYBORG

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