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Abstract
This article explores the authority of creation from a biblical perspective, focusing on the phenomenon of gender engineering as an ethical and theological challenge in the modern era. The study is grounded in the Christian belief that the human body is a creation of God, endowed with sacred value, divine dignity, and spiritual purpose. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, this research integrates insights from theology, medical science, and sociology. Its aim is to provide profound theological reflections on bodily modification in light of Christian values and to formulate an ethical framework to help Christians navigate these complex developments. The findings reveal that gender engineering creates a paradox between human freedom and divine authority. Extensive bodily modifications may be seen as violations of the sanctity of the body and the sovereignty of God. Within Christian thought, the human body is not merely a physical entity but a dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, thus requiring deep respect for its dignity. This study offers a significant contribution by presenting a biblically grounded ethical guide to help Christians understand and respond to the moral challenges posed by advances in modern medical technology.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Nikarni Zai, Mozes Lawalata

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References
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- Bauckham, Richard. 2015. The Bible in the Contemporary World : Hermeneutical Ventures. Cambridge: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
- Bouyer, Louis. 2011. The Church of God: Body of Christ and Temple of the Spirit. New York: Ignatius Press.
- Flaman, Paul. 2011. “Neuroscience, Christian Theology, and a Fuller Understanding of the Human Person.” The Official Journal of the Religious Education Association 106, no. 3: 252–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2011.569617.
- Glerup, Michael, ed. 2010. Commentaries on Genesis 1-3. USA: InterVarsity Press.
- Goundrey-Smith, Stephen. 2023. Transhumanism, Ethics and the Therapeutic Revolution. New York: Taylor & Francis.
- Guerrerosantos, Jose, Oscar F. Fernandez-Diaz, and Hiram Fernandez-Diaz. 2015. “Sejarah Singkat Bedah Plastik: Perspektif Sebuah Mural.” ISAPS 39: 1018–19.
- Hersberger, Anne Krabill. 2008. Seksualitas Pemberian Allah. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.
- Hingson, LaReina. 2022. “The Body As the Temple of God.” Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-Day Saint Faith and Scholarship 52: 205–30.
- Ismail, Jeffrit Kalprianus. 2024. Pedagogis Imitatio Paulus. Jawa Barat: Penerbit Adab.
- Jena, Yeremias. 2019. Wacana Tubuh Dan Kedokteran: Sebuah Refleksi Filosofis. Jakarta: Grafindo.
- Karlau, Sensius Amon. 2022. “Penciptaan Manusia Sebagai Representatif Allah Untuk Mewujudkan Mandat Budaya Berdasarkan Kejadian 1: 26-28.” Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi Dan Misi 5, no. 1: 122-138.
- Kondru, David. 2020. A Biblical Perspective on Life’s Purpose in the Age of Postmodernism. Bloomington: WestBow Press.
- Kügler, Joachim, Johanna Stiebert, and Rosina Gabaitse, eds. 2019. The Bible and Gender Troubles in Africa. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press.
- Kurniawan, Andreas, Tjutjun Setiawan, Yanto Paulus Hermanto, and Ferry Simanjuntak. 2022. “Perspektif Medis Dan Teologis Terhadap Transgender Sebagai Acuan Bagi Gereja Dalam Bersikap.” CHARISTHEO: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 1, no. 2: 208–22.
- Letscher, D.J. 2020. Commentary On Genesis 1:1-11:26. USA: Christian Faith Publishing, Incorporated.
- Llewellyn, Dawn, Sonya Sharma, and Sîan Melvill Hawthorne, eds. 2024. The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion, Gender and Sexuality. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Lontoh, Andheralvi Isaiah. 2023. “Teologi Dan Psikoneuroimunologi Sebagai Alternatif Dari Transhumanisme Mengatasi Korban Perang.” Fidei: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika Dan Praktika 6, no. 1: 20–38. https://doi.org/10.34081/fidei.v6i1.332.
- Maleachi, Martus Adinugraha, and Hendra Yohanes. 2020. “Kehadiran Tuhan Di Tengah Umat-Nya: Dari Penciptaan Ke Penciptaan Yang Baru.” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pelayanan 19, no. 1: 11–24. https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v19i1.361.
- Matalu, Muriwali Yanto. 2017. Dogmatika Kristen: Dari Perspektif Reformed. Malang: GKKR.
- Mathews, Kenneth A. 2023. Genesis 1-11:26: The Christian Standard Commentary. B&H Publishing Group.
- MD, Jerry Old. 2017. The Awesome Power of Blending Medicine and Religion for Healing. USA: Christian Faith Publishing, Incorporated.
- Milton, Michael A. 2024. What Is Perseverance of the Saints? Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers.
- Moo, Douglas J., and Jonathan A. Moo. 2018. Creation Care : A Biblical Theology of the Natural World. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic.
- Padakari, Seprianus L., and Rezeki Putra Gulo. 2025. “Teologi Dan Keadilan Sosial : Peran Gereja Dalam Merespons Ketimpangan Global.” Jurnal Tumou Tou 12, no. 1: 41–52. https://doi.org/10.51667/tt.v12i1.1973.
- Pangaribuan, Allen. 2022. Rancangan Allah Menciptakan Manusia “Menurut Gambar Dan Rupa Kita” Dalam Kejadian 1:26-27. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
- Park, Abraham. 2018. Silsilah Di Kitab Kejadian : Dilihat Dari Sudut Pandang Penyelenggaraan Sejarah Penebusan. Yayasan Damai Sejahtera Utama.
- Peteet, John, and Michael Balboni. 2017. Spirituality and Religion Within the Culture of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Phelan, Marilyn E., and Jay M. Phelan. 2023. Biblical Truths and the Plan of Salvation. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers.
- Polsley, Cynthia C. 2022. The Bible and the Holographic Universe. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers.
- Pratte, David. 2019. Bible Inspiration, Preservation, and Authority : The Bible As God’s Revelation. Lulu.com.
- Reeves, Rodney. 2011. Spirituality According to Paul Imitating the Apostle of Christ. Eugene: InterVarsity Press.
- Ritonga, Nova. 2024. “Peran Pemimpin Gereja Dan Etika Kristen Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0.” EUANGGELION: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. January.
- Sabat, Kornelius. 2024. Eksposisi Tematis Kitab Kejadian. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
- Shellenberger, John. 2020. Ethical Religion and Christian Activism : A Handbook for the Modern Christian Making Church Life Meaningful. Bloomington: iUniverse.
- Sianipar, Desi, ed. 2024. Inovasi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Artificial Intelligence. Bandung: CV Widina Media Utama.
- Soards, Marion L. 2011. 1 Corinthians (Understanding the Bible Commentary Series). Michigan: Baker Publishing Group.
- Soegiantoro, Didiek Hardiyanto. 2023. Pengantar Ilmu Resep Dalam Perspektif Teologi Kristen. Jakarta: PT.Scifintech Andrew Wijaya.
- Souhally, Modiana Frella, Ferry Simanjuntak, and Yanto Paulus Hermanto. 2022. “Tindakan Operasi Plastik Pada Hidung Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Etika Kristen.” Jurnal Ledalero 21, no. 2: 246.
- Suntanto, Hasan. 2019. Perjanjian Baru Interlinear Yunani-Indonesia Dan Konkordansi Perjanjian Baru. II. Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia.
- Tampenawas, Alfons Renaldo. 2020. “Problematika Moralitas Seksual Postmodern Menurut Perspektif 1 Korintus 6:12-20.” Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 16, no. 2: 106.
- Tarigan, Karel Benridho. 2024. “Sang Gambar Otoritas Ilahi: Pelayanan Yang Bertanggung Jawab Dengan Lensa Vocation Dei Dan Imitatio Christi.” Immanuel: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 5, no. 1: 27–39. https://doi.org/10.46305/im.v5i1.271.
- Wendy, Wendy, and David Alinurdin. 2021. “Optimisme Yang Tidak Menjanjikan: Kajian Terhadap Transhumanisme Dari Perspektif Antropologi Kristen.” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pelayanan 20, no. 1: 21–36. https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v20i1.408.
- Wijaya, Hengki. 2016. Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Teologi. Makassar: Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray.
- Winarto, Amos. 2021. Penelitian Ilmu Teologi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius.
References
Artarini, Magdalena Pura Adiputra. 2024. “Bedah Kosmetik: Modifikasi Tubuh Atau Modifikasi Kehidupan?” Gema Teologika: Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual Dan Filsafat Keilahian 9, no. 2: 191–206. https://doi.org/10.21460/gema.2024.92.1215.
Bauckham, Richard. 2015. The Bible in the Contemporary World : Hermeneutical Ventures. Cambridge: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
Bouyer, Louis. 2011. The Church of God: Body of Christ and Temple of the Spirit. New York: Ignatius Press.
Flaman, Paul. 2011. “Neuroscience, Christian Theology, and a Fuller Understanding of the Human Person.” The Official Journal of the Religious Education Association 106, no. 3: 252–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2011.569617.
Glerup, Michael, ed. 2010. Commentaries on Genesis 1-3. USA: InterVarsity Press.
Goundrey-Smith, Stephen. 2023. Transhumanism, Ethics and the Therapeutic Revolution. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Guerrerosantos, Jose, Oscar F. Fernandez-Diaz, and Hiram Fernandez-Diaz. 2015. “Sejarah Singkat Bedah Plastik: Perspektif Sebuah Mural.” ISAPS 39: 1018–19.
Hersberger, Anne Krabill. 2008. Seksualitas Pemberian Allah. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.
Hingson, LaReina. 2022. “The Body As the Temple of God.” Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-Day Saint Faith and Scholarship 52: 205–30.
Ismail, Jeffrit Kalprianus. 2024. Pedagogis Imitatio Paulus. Jawa Barat: Penerbit Adab.
Jena, Yeremias. 2019. Wacana Tubuh Dan Kedokteran: Sebuah Refleksi Filosofis. Jakarta: Grafindo.
Karlau, Sensius Amon. 2022. “Penciptaan Manusia Sebagai Representatif Allah Untuk Mewujudkan Mandat Budaya Berdasarkan Kejadian 1: 26-28.” Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi Dan Misi 5, no. 1: 122-138.
Kondru, David. 2020. A Biblical Perspective on Life’s Purpose in the Age of Postmodernism. Bloomington: WestBow Press.
Kügler, Joachim, Johanna Stiebert, and Rosina Gabaitse, eds. 2019. The Bible and Gender Troubles in Africa. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press.
Kurniawan, Andreas, Tjutjun Setiawan, Yanto Paulus Hermanto, and Ferry Simanjuntak. 2022. “Perspektif Medis Dan Teologis Terhadap Transgender Sebagai Acuan Bagi Gereja Dalam Bersikap.” CHARISTHEO: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 1, no. 2: 208–22.
Letscher, D.J. 2020. Commentary On Genesis 1:1-11:26. USA: Christian Faith Publishing, Incorporated.
Llewellyn, Dawn, Sonya Sharma, and Sîan Melvill Hawthorne, eds. 2024. The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion, Gender and Sexuality. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Lontoh, Andheralvi Isaiah. 2023. “Teologi Dan Psikoneuroimunologi Sebagai Alternatif Dari Transhumanisme Mengatasi Korban Perang.” Fidei: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika Dan Praktika 6, no. 1: 20–38. https://doi.org/10.34081/fidei.v6i1.332.
Maleachi, Martus Adinugraha, and Hendra Yohanes. 2020. “Kehadiran Tuhan Di Tengah Umat-Nya: Dari Penciptaan Ke Penciptaan Yang Baru.” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pelayanan 19, no. 1: 11–24. https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v19i1.361.
Matalu, Muriwali Yanto. 2017. Dogmatika Kristen: Dari Perspektif Reformed. Malang: GKKR.
Mathews, Kenneth A. 2023. Genesis 1-11:26: The Christian Standard Commentary. B&H Publishing Group.
MD, Jerry Old. 2017. The Awesome Power of Blending Medicine and Religion for Healing. USA: Christian Faith Publishing, Incorporated.
Milton, Michael A. 2024. What Is Perseverance of the Saints? Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers.
Moo, Douglas J., and Jonathan A. Moo. 2018. Creation Care : A Biblical Theology of the Natural World. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Academic.
Padakari, Seprianus L., and Rezeki Putra Gulo. 2025. “Teologi Dan Keadilan Sosial : Peran Gereja Dalam Merespons Ketimpangan Global.” Jurnal Tumou Tou 12, no. 1: 41–52. https://doi.org/10.51667/tt.v12i1.1973.
Pangaribuan, Allen. 2022. Rancangan Allah Menciptakan Manusia “Menurut Gambar Dan Rupa Kita” Dalam Kejadian 1:26-27. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
Park, Abraham. 2018. Silsilah Di Kitab Kejadian : Dilihat Dari Sudut Pandang Penyelenggaraan Sejarah Penebusan. Yayasan Damai Sejahtera Utama.
Peteet, John, and Michael Balboni. 2017. Spirituality and Religion Within the Culture of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Phelan, Marilyn E., and Jay M. Phelan. 2023. Biblical Truths and the Plan of Salvation. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Polsley, Cynthia C. 2022. The Bible and the Holographic Universe. Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers.
Pratte, David. 2019. Bible Inspiration, Preservation, and Authority : The Bible As God’s Revelation. Lulu.com.
Reeves, Rodney. 2011. Spirituality According to Paul Imitating the Apostle of Christ. Eugene: InterVarsity Press.
Ritonga, Nova. 2024. “Peran Pemimpin Gereja Dan Etika Kristen Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0.” EUANGGELION: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. January.
Sabat, Kornelius. 2024. Eksposisi Tematis Kitab Kejadian. Yogyakarta: ANDI.
Shellenberger, John. 2020. Ethical Religion and Christian Activism : A Handbook for the Modern Christian Making Church Life Meaningful. Bloomington: iUniverse.
Sianipar, Desi, ed. 2024. Inovasi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Era Artificial Intelligence. Bandung: CV Widina Media Utama.
Soards, Marion L. 2011. 1 Corinthians (Understanding the Bible Commentary Series). Michigan: Baker Publishing Group.
Soegiantoro, Didiek Hardiyanto. 2023. Pengantar Ilmu Resep Dalam Perspektif Teologi Kristen. Jakarta: PT.Scifintech Andrew Wijaya.
Souhally, Modiana Frella, Ferry Simanjuntak, and Yanto Paulus Hermanto. 2022. “Tindakan Operasi Plastik Pada Hidung Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Etika Kristen.” Jurnal Ledalero 21, no. 2: 246.
Suntanto, Hasan. 2019. Perjanjian Baru Interlinear Yunani-Indonesia Dan Konkordansi Perjanjian Baru. II. Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia.
Tampenawas, Alfons Renaldo. 2020. “Problematika Moralitas Seksual Postmodern Menurut Perspektif 1 Korintus 6:12-20.” Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 16, no. 2: 106.
Tarigan, Karel Benridho. 2024. “Sang Gambar Otoritas Ilahi: Pelayanan Yang Bertanggung Jawab Dengan Lensa Vocation Dei Dan Imitatio Christi.” Immanuel: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 5, no. 1: 27–39. https://doi.org/10.46305/im.v5i1.271.
Wendy, Wendy, and David Alinurdin. 2021. “Optimisme Yang Tidak Menjanjikan: Kajian Terhadap Transhumanisme Dari Perspektif Antropologi Kristen.” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pelayanan 20, no. 1: 21–36. https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v20i1.408.
Wijaya, Hengki. 2016. Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Teologi. Makassar: Sekolah Tinggi Theologia Jaffray.
Winarto, Amos. 2021. Penelitian Ilmu Teologi. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius.