Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the theological discourse surrounding grace and the Torah, a subject that has generated considerable debate among contemporary Christian communities. A prevalent view asserts that the grace made available through the death of Jesus Christ renders the Torah obsolete, thereby releasing Christians from its observance. In contrast, another perspective upholds the continued relevance of the Torah, particularly the Ten Commandments, as a moral and spiritual foundation. This ongoing debate underscores the need for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between grace and the Torah in the context of Christian life today. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to investigate the potential harmonisation between grace and the Torah within contemporary Christian practice. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this study utilises a literature review method, drawing primarily on biblical texts and supplemented by relevant peer-reviewed scholarly sources. The findings suggest that grace and the Torah need not be viewed in opposition, but rather as complementary aspects of Christian ethics and spirituality. From both philosophical and moral perspectives, the study affirms that Christians—whether they emphasise divine grace or Torah observance—are equally called to embody a life of moral integrity and ethical responsibility.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jusup Maria Setiawan Sutandar, Hikman Sirait, Esti Rahayu

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References
- Anderson, Frank L. 1935. “The Grace of God.” Review & Expositor 32, no. 4 (October): 376–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/003463733503200402.
- Barclay, John M G. 2020. “Paul and Grace in Theological Perspective: A Grateful Response.” International Journal of Systematic Theology 22, no. 1: 113–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijst.12389.
- Boko, Irenius Pita Raja, Siprianus S Senda, and Mikhael Valens Boy. 2024. “Menelaah Penerapan Hukum Taurat Secara Progresif Dalam Matius 5: 17-20.” Jurnal Ilmiah Religiosity Entity Humanity (JIREH) 6, no. 1: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.37364/jireh.v6i1.226.
- Charry, Ellen T. 2003. “The Grace of God and the Law of Christ.” Interpretation 57, no. 1: 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/002096430005700105.
- Damanik, Dapot, Ondrasi Gea, Rudi Ranto Siallagan, Rinawati Sitepu, and Rosmina Berutu. 2022. “Moses and the Commands of God: The Role of Obedience to God’s Commandments and Their Implications for the God’s People.” Didache: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. 1: 39–59. https://doi.org/10.55076/didache.v4i1.72.
- Dominic Rooney, James. 2016. “Murray’s Balancing Act: The Harmony of Nature and Grace.” Journal of Church and State 58, no. 4: 666–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csv033.
- Eitenmiller, Melissa. 2017. “Grace as Participation According to St. Thomas Aquinas.” New Blackfriars 98, no. 1078: 689–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12154.
- Febri, Hendrikson. 2024. “Perjuangan Menuju Keselamatan Kekal: Memahami Kasih Karunia Dalam Yesus Kristus Menurut Perspektif Efesus 2:8-10.” PASCA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 20, no. 2: 119–28. https://doi.org/10.46494/psc.v20i2.376.
- Grindheim, Sigurd. 2020. “Jesus and the Food Laws Revisited.” Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 18, no. 1: 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455197-2019001.
- Gulo, Citra Purnamasari. 2021. “Memahami Makna Hukum Taurat Sebagai Pembentukan Moral Yang Baik Bagi Orang Percaya.” Excelsis Deo: Jurnal Teologi, Misiologi, Dan Pendidikan 5, no. 2: 127–38. https://doi.org/10.51730/ed.v5i2.79.
- Gulo, Rezeki Putra, and Tony Salurante. 2023. “Revitalisasi Pendidikan Kristen Di Anticipating Era: Studi Eksposisi Efesus 5:15-16.” TELEIOS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 3, no. 2: 145–57. https://doi.org/10.53674/teleios.v3i2.74.
- Hamadi, Hanoch Herkanus. 2024. “Kajian Biblikal Dalam Pendekatan Sosiolinguistik Terhadap Studi Kata Budak Dalam Idiolek Paulus.” Calvaria Sonus 2, no. 1: 23.
- Hazani, Dewi Chandra. 2019. “Pola Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Membangun Harmonisasi Masyarakat Heterogen Di Kota Mataram.” Pensa 1, no. 2: 368–90. https://doi.org/10.36088/pensa.v1i2.778.
- Henriksson, Gustaf W. 2020. “Grace in Action: Exploring the Intersection of Soteriology and Ethics in the Letter to Titus.” Scottish Journal of Theology 73, no. 4: 330–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0036930620000666.
- Jung, Wonho. 2020. “Divine Command, Natural Law, and Redemption in Calvin’s Thought.” Theology Today 77, no. 3: 323–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040573620947058.
- Kanikir, Yulisar Wilson, Hikman Sirait, and Esti Rahayu. 2024. “Peran Kepemimpinan Kristen Yang Transformatif Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Gereja Dalam Masyarakat.” Davar: Jurnal Teologi 5, no. 1: 69–80. https://doi.org/10.55807/davar.v5i1.157.
- King Jr, John B. 2020. “Toward Law–Gospel Harmony in Lutheran Theology and Ethics.” Dialog 59, no. 3: 225–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12578.
- Klein, William W., Craig L. Bloomberg, and Hubard. Robert L. 2013. Introduction to Biblical Interpretation 2/Pengantar Tafsiran Alkitab. Malang: Literatur SAAT.
- Lamarca, Ignacio M Manresa. 2025. “Sacred Scripture Consists More in Grace than in Letter.” Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia 18, no. 1: 55–70. https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTh.2025.004.
- Lambert, David. 2016. “How the ‘Torah of Moses’ Became Revelation: An Early, Apocalyptic Theory of Pentateuchal Origins.” Journal for the Study of Judaism 47, no. 1: 22–54. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12340440.
- Meilaender, Gilbert. 2018. “The Decalogue as the Law of Christ.” Pro Ecclesia 27, no. 3: 338–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/106385121802700312.
- Natasya, Astrid, Hikman Sirait, and Meriyana. 2024. “Menelusuri Labirin Peran Perempuan Dalam Pelayanan Gereja Yang Patriarki.” Vox Dei: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pastoral 5, no. 2: 178–84. https://doi.org/10.46408/vxd.v5i2.633.
- Ndulla, Devanto Kurniawan Hinna, Hosea Theopani Doloksaribu, Wolvy Elopore, and Serepina Yoshika Hasibuan. 2024. “Relasi Hukum Taurat Dan Anugerah Dalam Perjanjian Lama.” ELEOS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 4, no. 1: 57–69. https://doi.org/10.53814/eleos.v4i1.100.
- O’Callaghan, Paul. 2017. “Luther and ‘Sola Gratia’: The Rapport between Grace, Human Freedom, Good Works and Moral Life.” Scripta Theologica 49, no. 1: 193–212. https://doi.org/10.15581/006.49.1.193-212.
- O’Callaghan, Paul, and Catalina Vial de Amesti. 2024. “Grace in Roman Catholic Theology’.” In St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, edited by Brendan N. Wolfe, 1–29. University of St Andrews. https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/GraceinRomanCatholicTheology.
- Osborne, Grant R. 2006. Spiral Hermeneutika: Pengantar Komprehensif Bagi Penafsiran Alkitab. Surabaya: Momentum.
- Prabowo, and Deby Yunita Mada. 2023. “Masih Relevankah Hukum Taurat Di Masa Anugerah?” Jurnal Penggerak 5, no. 1: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.62042/jtp.v5i1.72.
- Resnicoff, Steven H. 2008. “Autonomy in Jewish Law—In Theory and in Practice.” Journal of Law and Religion 24, no. 2: 507–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0748081400001697.
- Ridderbos, Herman. 2008. Paulus: Pemikiran Utama Theologinya. Surabaya: Momentum. Surabaya: Momentum.
- Ruzer, Serge. 2018. “Paul as an Early Witness to the Jewish Notion of Liberation-through-Torah.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 41, no. 1: 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142064X18788980.
- Schnittjer, Gary Edward. 2008. The Torah Story. Malang: Gandum Mas.
- Setiawan, David Eko, and Dwiati Yulianingsih. 2019. “Signifikansi Salib Bagi Kehidupan Manusia Dalam Teologi Paulus.” FIDEI: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika Dan Praktika 2, no. 2: 227–46. https://doi.org/10.34081/fidei.v2i2.73.
- Sihombing, Warseto Freddy, Icca Berutu, Ester Novita Lumban Gaol, and Betty Putri Irene Hulu. 2023. “Hidup Dalam Kasih Karunia Allah: Masa Lalu versus Masa Sekarang (Efesus 2:1-10).” Tumou Tou Jurnal Ilmiah 10, no. 1: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.51667/tt.v10i1.879.
- Simanjuntak, Fredy. 2019. “Kajian Teologis Terhadap Ajaran Hyper-Grace Joseph Prince.” DIEGESIS: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika 2, no. 1: 1–11.
- Sirait, Hikman. 2018. “Tema-Tema Teologi Perjanjian Lama: Sejarah-Budaya, Tafsiran Dan Kontekstualisasi.” 2018. Jakarta: Hegel Pustaka. 2018. https://repository.sttbetheltheway.ac.id/45/1/TEMA-TEMA TEOLOGI PERJANJIAN LAMA - 01.pdf.
- ———. 2020. “Tinjauan Alkitabiah Atas Krisis Ekonomi Global.” The Way: Jurnal Teologi Dan Kependidikan 6, no. 1: 18–34. https://doi.org/10.54793/teologi-dan-kependidikan.v6i1.12.
- Sirait, Hikman, Meriyana, and Esti Rahayu. 2024. “Pakaian Adat: Suatu Tinjauan Etika Kristen Terhadap Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Ulos Batak.” Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi Dan Misi 7, no. 2: 196–210. https://doi.org/10.47457/phr.v7i2.533.
References
Anderson, Frank L. 1935. “The Grace of God.” Review & Expositor 32, no. 4 (October): 376–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/003463733503200402.
Barclay, John M G. 2020. “Paul and Grace in Theological Perspective: A Grateful Response.” International Journal of Systematic Theology 22, no. 1: 113–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijst.12389.
Boko, Irenius Pita Raja, Siprianus S Senda, and Mikhael Valens Boy. 2024. “Menelaah Penerapan Hukum Taurat Secara Progresif Dalam Matius 5: 17-20.” Jurnal Ilmiah Religiosity Entity Humanity (JIREH) 6, no. 1: 64–72. https://doi.org/10.37364/jireh.v6i1.226.
Charry, Ellen T. 2003. “The Grace of God and the Law of Christ.” Interpretation 57, no. 1: 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/002096430005700105.
Damanik, Dapot, Ondrasi Gea, Rudi Ranto Siallagan, Rinawati Sitepu, and Rosmina Berutu. 2022. “Moses and the Commands of God: The Role of Obedience to God’s Commandments and Their Implications for the God’s People.” Didache: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. 1: 39–59. https://doi.org/10.55076/didache.v4i1.72.
Dominic Rooney, James. 2016. “Murray’s Balancing Act: The Harmony of Nature and Grace.” Journal of Church and State 58, no. 4: 666–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csv033.
Eitenmiller, Melissa. 2017. “Grace as Participation According to St. Thomas Aquinas.” New Blackfriars 98, no. 1078: 689–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12154.
Febri, Hendrikson. 2024. “Perjuangan Menuju Keselamatan Kekal: Memahami Kasih Karunia Dalam Yesus Kristus Menurut Perspektif Efesus 2:8-10.” PASCA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 20, no. 2: 119–28. https://doi.org/10.46494/psc.v20i2.376.
Grindheim, Sigurd. 2020. “Jesus and the Food Laws Revisited.” Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 18, no. 1: 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1163/17455197-2019001.
Gulo, Citra Purnamasari. 2021. “Memahami Makna Hukum Taurat Sebagai Pembentukan Moral Yang Baik Bagi Orang Percaya.” Excelsis Deo: Jurnal Teologi, Misiologi, Dan Pendidikan 5, no. 2: 127–38. https://doi.org/10.51730/ed.v5i2.79.
Gulo, Rezeki Putra, and Tony Salurante. 2023. “Revitalisasi Pendidikan Kristen Di Anticipating Era: Studi Eksposisi Efesus 5:15-16.” TELEIOS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 3, no. 2: 145–57. https://doi.org/10.53674/teleios.v3i2.74.
Hamadi, Hanoch Herkanus. 2024. “Kajian Biblikal Dalam Pendekatan Sosiolinguistik Terhadap Studi Kata Budak Dalam Idiolek Paulus.” Calvaria Sonus 2, no. 1: 23.
Hazani, Dewi Chandra. 2019. “Pola Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Membangun Harmonisasi Masyarakat Heterogen Di Kota Mataram.” Pensa 1, no. 2: 368–90. https://doi.org/10.36088/pensa.v1i2.778.
Henriksson, Gustaf W. 2020. “Grace in Action: Exploring the Intersection of Soteriology and Ethics in the Letter to Titus.” Scottish Journal of Theology 73, no. 4: 330–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0036930620000666.
Jung, Wonho. 2020. “Divine Command, Natural Law, and Redemption in Calvin’s Thought.” Theology Today 77, no. 3: 323–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040573620947058.
Kanikir, Yulisar Wilson, Hikman Sirait, and Esti Rahayu. 2024. “Peran Kepemimpinan Kristen Yang Transformatif Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Gereja Dalam Masyarakat.” Davar: Jurnal Teologi 5, no. 1: 69–80. https://doi.org/10.55807/davar.v5i1.157.
King Jr, John B. 2020. “Toward Law–Gospel Harmony in Lutheran Theology and Ethics.” Dialog 59, no. 3: 225–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/dial.12578.
Klein, William W., Craig L. Bloomberg, and Hubard. Robert L. 2013. Introduction to Biblical Interpretation 2/Pengantar Tafsiran Alkitab. Malang: Literatur SAAT.
Lamarca, Ignacio M Manresa. 2025. “Sacred Scripture Consists More in Grace than in Letter.” Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia 18, no. 1: 55–70. https://doi.org/10.12775/BPTh.2025.004.
Lambert, David. 2016. “How the ‘Torah of Moses’ Became Revelation: An Early, Apocalyptic Theory of Pentateuchal Origins.” Journal for the Study of Judaism 47, no. 1: 22–54. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12340440.
Meilaender, Gilbert. 2018. “The Decalogue as the Law of Christ.” Pro Ecclesia 27, no. 3: 338–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/106385121802700312.
Natasya, Astrid, Hikman Sirait, and Meriyana. 2024. “Menelusuri Labirin Peran Perempuan Dalam Pelayanan Gereja Yang Patriarki.” Vox Dei: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pastoral 5, no. 2: 178–84. https://doi.org/10.46408/vxd.v5i2.633.
Ndulla, Devanto Kurniawan Hinna, Hosea Theopani Doloksaribu, Wolvy Elopore, and Serepina Yoshika Hasibuan. 2024. “Relasi Hukum Taurat Dan Anugerah Dalam Perjanjian Lama.” ELEOS: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen 4, no. 1: 57–69. https://doi.org/10.53814/eleos.v4i1.100.
O’Callaghan, Paul. 2017. “Luther and ‘Sola Gratia’: The Rapport between Grace, Human Freedom, Good Works and Moral Life.” Scripta Theologica 49, no. 1: 193–212. https://doi.org/10.15581/006.49.1.193-212.
O’Callaghan, Paul, and Catalina Vial de Amesti. 2024. “Grace in Roman Catholic Theology’.” In St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, edited by Brendan N. Wolfe, 1–29. University of St Andrews. https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/GraceinRomanCatholicTheology.
Osborne, Grant R. 2006. Spiral Hermeneutika: Pengantar Komprehensif Bagi Penafsiran Alkitab. Surabaya: Momentum.
Prabowo, and Deby Yunita Mada. 2023. “Masih Relevankah Hukum Taurat Di Masa Anugerah?” Jurnal Penggerak 5, no. 1: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.62042/jtp.v5i1.72.
Resnicoff, Steven H. 2008. “Autonomy in Jewish Law—In Theory and in Practice.” Journal of Law and Religion 24, no. 2: 507–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0748081400001697.
Ridderbos, Herman. 2008. Paulus: Pemikiran Utama Theologinya. Surabaya: Momentum. Surabaya: Momentum.
Ruzer, Serge. 2018. “Paul as an Early Witness to the Jewish Notion of Liberation-through-Torah.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 41, no. 1: 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142064X18788980.
Schnittjer, Gary Edward. 2008. The Torah Story. Malang: Gandum Mas.
Setiawan, David Eko, and Dwiati Yulianingsih. 2019. “Signifikansi Salib Bagi Kehidupan Manusia Dalam Teologi Paulus.” FIDEI: Jurnal Teologi Sistematika Dan Praktika 2, no. 2: 227–46. https://doi.org/10.34081/fidei.v2i2.73.
Sihombing, Warseto Freddy, Icca Berutu, Ester Novita Lumban Gaol, and Betty Putri Irene Hulu. 2023. “Hidup Dalam Kasih Karunia Allah: Masa Lalu versus Masa Sekarang (Efesus 2:1-10).” Tumou Tou Jurnal Ilmiah 10, no. 1: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.51667/tt.v10i1.879.
Simanjuntak, Fredy. 2019. “Kajian Teologis Terhadap Ajaran Hyper-Grace Joseph Prince.” DIEGESIS: Jurnal Teologi Kharismatika 2, no. 1: 1–11.
Sirait, Hikman. 2018. “Tema-Tema Teologi Perjanjian Lama: Sejarah-Budaya, Tafsiran Dan Kontekstualisasi.” 2018. Jakarta: Hegel Pustaka. 2018. https://repository.sttbetheltheway.ac.id/45/1/TEMA-TEMA TEOLOGI PERJANJIAN LAMA - 01.pdf.
———. 2020. “Tinjauan Alkitabiah Atas Krisis Ekonomi Global.” The Way: Jurnal Teologi Dan Kependidikan 6, no. 1: 18–34. https://doi.org/10.54793/teologi-dan-kependidikan.v6i1.12.
Sirait, Hikman, Meriyana, and Esti Rahayu. 2024. “Pakaian Adat: Suatu Tinjauan Etika Kristen Terhadap Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Ulos Batak.” Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi Dan Misi 7, no. 2: 196–210. https://doi.org/10.47457/phr.v7i2.533.