Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi
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description: Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi is a scientific journal in the field of theology and mission. Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi has been managed by the Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Jakarta since 2018 in print. Starting in 2020, the first semester starts with the Open Journal System. The journal Phronesis: Theology and mission contains scientific articles in the fields of theology, biblical, Systematics, and Mission that promote the novelty of science in the field of Theology. Indonesia is a Christian context experiencing development that is open with ideas that need to be contextualized but maintains biblical teachings. Journal Information Journal Title :Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi DOI Prefix : 10.47457/phr by Crossref Frequency : 2 issues per year (June and December) Print ISSN : 2621-2684 Online ISSN : 2723-6617 Editor-in-Chief : Tony Salurante Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Jakarta Journal's Scope : 1.Biblical Theology 2. Missiology (Intercultural Studies) 3. Systematic Theology 4. Pastoral Theology 5. Practical Theology
publisher: Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Jakarta
language: en
publication name: Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi
issn: 2621-2684
copyright: Authors who publish in Phronesis: Jurnal Teologi dan Misi agree to the following terms: 1. The author holds the copyright and grants to the journal the right of first publication of the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 2. Authors may make additional separate contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published journal version of the work (for example, posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book) with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. 3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (for example, in institutional repositories or on their websites) before and during the submission process, as this can result in a productive exchange, as well as earlier and larger citations of the published work (See Effects of Access Open).
items: Dari Teks Biblika ke Konteks Jemaat
items: Praktik Doa di Ruang Digital
items: Kajian Teologis Terhadap Pandangan Masyarakat Toraja Tentang Mimpi
items: “Terlalu Berat Bagiku”
items: Missio Dei and the challenge of prosperity practices
items: Nilai Huma dan Pikukuh Karuhun sebagai Titik Temu Injil dan Tradisi Baduy dalam Perspektif Teologi Kontekstual
items: Penguatan Spiritualitas Kepemimpinan Kristen dalam Mengemban Amanat Agung Kristus di Era Digital
items: Integrasi Kajian Teologis dan Peran Pastoral bagi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Isu LGBT di Malaysia
items: Analisis Eklesiologis terhadap Model Insider Movement C5 dalam Perspektif Teologi Reformed
items: Suara Profetik Nabi Amos sebagai Dasar Teologis dalam Merespons Konflik Lahan
items: Tevah dan Tipologi Kristus dalam Perjanjian Lama
items: Sinergi Hermeneutik dan Homiletika dalam Khotbah Ekspositori:
items: Merawat Ciptaan, Meruntuhkan Kuasa: Kritik Teologis terhadap Ekologi Kolonial melalui Spiritualitas Dayak
items: Menjadi Pembawa Kabar Sukacita: Belajar dari Respons Para Gembala dalam Lukas 2:15
items: Distopia Yohanes 12: Narasi Katarsis Rasul Yohanes dalam Periode Konflik
items: Harmonisasi Kasih Karunia dan Taurat
items: Kajian Teologi Keluarga bagi Pemimpin Kristen dalam Kisah Abraham: Menelusuri Pola Inti Menuju Periferi
items: Analisis Aspek Emosi Yesaya dalam Perjumpaan Allah: Studi Eksegesis Yesaya 6
items: Studi Biblika Otoritas Penciptaan terhadap Era Rekayasa Gender
items: Misi Dan Keteladanan Perempuan dalam Kisah Para Rasul 16:13-40: Perspektif Gereja Masa Kini
items: Simply Jesus: Kesederhanaan Hidup Yesus Kristus dan Transformasi Gereja Kontemporer
items: PAKAIAN ADAT: SUATU TINJAUAN ETIKA KRISTEN TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL ULOS BATAK
items: KASIHANILAH AKU YA TUHAN: KRITIK NARATIF MENGENAI KASIH IBU MENURUT MATIUS 15:21-28
items: PERAN AYAH KRISTEN DALAM PEMENUHAN MISI KRISTUS DALAM KONTEKS KELUARGA
items: Pendekatan Pastoral dalam Pendidikan Karakter Kristen Generasi Z berdasarkan Amsal 22:6
items: ANALISIS TEOLOGIS MISI BIROKRAT KRISTEN DALAM PEMERINTAHAN
items: MENINGKATKAN PUBLIKASI JURNAL TEOLOGI MELALUI PENGUASAAN BERAGAM METODE PENELITIAN TEOLOGI
items: PENDEKATAN DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE DALAM PENGGUNAAN CHANT HOHO SUKU NIAS: SEBUAH UPAYA KONTEKSTUALISASI IBADAH
items: ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMATICS Implementation of the Great Commission as a Contribution to Missions in the Indonesian Context
items: TRANSFORMASI SPIRITUALITAS

Dari Teks Biblika ke Konteks Jemaat
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description: Tulisan ini mengkaji model integratif dalam khotbah ekspositori kontekstual yang menghubungkan teks biblika dengan realitas jemaat secara hermeneutis, teologis, dan pastoral. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pemberitaan firman dapat tetap setia pada makna asli teks Alkitab sekaligus relevan terhadap dinamika sosial, budaya, dan spiritual jemaat masa kini. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif melalui studi literatur terhadap teori homiletika ekspositori, hermeneutika kontekstual, dan praktik pelayanan gerejawi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model integratif menempatkan proses eksegesis sebagai fondasi utama, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis konteks jemaat agar pesan khotbah mampu menjawab kebutuhan konkret pendengar tanpa mengabaikan otoritas Kitab Suci. Dalam kerangka ini, pengkhotbah berperan sebagai mediator yang menafsirkan pesan ilahi ke dalam bahasa dan pengalaman hidup jemaat secara komunikatif dan transformatif. Penelitian ini juga menegaskan bahwa khotbah ekspositori kontekstual bukan sekadar transfer informasi teologis, melainkan sarana pembentukan iman dan perubahan hidup jemaat. Dengan demikian, model integratif ini menawarkan kontribusi penting bagi pengembangan homiletika kontemporer yang relevan, alkitabiah, dan responsif terhadap tantangan pelayanan gereja di tengah perubahan masyarakat.
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creator: Basrianiksun Labudo
creator: Joice Petrus Polii
creator: Lukas Eklopas Weni
creator: Dwi Pujiastuti Rahayu
creator: Hendrik Beno
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Basrianiksun Labudo, Joice Petrus Polii, Lukas Eklopas Weni, Dwi Pujiastuti Rahayu, Hendrik Beno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 86
ending page: 101
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.810

Praktik Doa di Ruang Digital
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description: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sebuah fenomena baru dalam spiritualitas Kekristenan di masa kini, yaitu praktik doa di ruang digital. Kehadiran ruang digital dalam berbagai media sosial perlahan menggeser pengalaman konservatif dalam spiritualitas Kekristenan yang kemudian memasuki era baru. Tulisan ini memberi warna positif dalam spiritualitas di ruang digital yang adaptif dan kolaboratif. Fenomena praktik doa di ruang digital menjadi bentuk baru dalam spiritualitas Kekristenan di era modern. Dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi bukan berarti menggeser pola doa tradisional. Pendekatan studi literatur pada penelitian ini menggunakan pemikiran dari Paul Chambers yang mengemukakan tentang sekularisasi, Peter Horsfield tentang mediasi iman melalui media dan Scott R. Paeth tentang teologi publik untuk menegaskan bahwa kehadiran ruang digital bukan menjadi ancaman bagi spiritualitas Kekristenan. Praktik doa di ruang digital dapat menjadi sarana baru ataupun alat pendukung yang memungkinkan perluasan pelayanan bagi gereja. Doa di ruang digital harus dipahami sebagai bentuk spiritualitas kontemporer yang akan memperkaya ekspresi iman secara pribadi ataupun komunal tanpa menjadi pengganti persekutuan doa secara fisik yang selama ini sudah menjadi ritual umum di gereja ataupun di dalam persekutuan. Maka, ruang digital dapat dipandang sebagai cara transformatif yang akan membantu jemaat untuk membangun relasi kepada Tuhan dan sesama dengan cakupan yang lebih luas.
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creator: Ferdinand Fernando Silaen
creator: Riris Johanna Siagian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ferdinand Silaen, Riris Johanna Siagian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.719

Kajian Teologis Terhadap Pandangan Masyarakat Toraja Tentang Mimpi
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description: Artikel ini menyajikan evaluasi teologis komparatif mengenai makna mimpi dalam Alkitab dan persepsi masyarakat Toraja, menyoroti adanya 'gap' kontekstual yang signifikan akibat perbedaan sejarah, tradisi, dan zaman. Dalam Alkitab, mimpi dipandang sebagai sarana wahyu ilahi langsung yang mengungkapkan kehendak dan kedaulatan Allah, seperti yang dicontohkan dalam mimpi-mimpi Yusuf (anak Yakub), Salomo, Daniel, Yusuf (suami Maria), dan istri Pilatus, yang berfungsi sebagai bimbingan, peringatan, atau nubuat. Sebaliknya, persepsi masyarakat Toraja, yang dikaji melalui hasil wawancara, menunjukkan bahwa mimpi merupakan media komunikasi dengan alam roh dan leluhur , memberikan petunjuk untuk kehidupan sehari-hari atau ritus adat. Namun, terdapat pergeseran pandangan di kalangan generasi muda yang cenderung melihat mimpi sebagai refleksi alam bawah sadar atau "bunga tidur" semata. Secara teologis, perbandingan ini menunjukkan bahwa Alkitab menekankan Allah sebagai sumber tunggal dan berdaulat dari mimpi yang memiliki bobot teologis , sementara masyarakat Toraja memadukan kepercayaan spiritual dengan interpretasi yang lebih modern, sehingga otoritas dan signifikansi teologis mimpi menjadi lebih bervariasi dan ambivalen. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun fenomena mimpi bersifat universal, maknanya secara teologis terikat erat pada kerangka keyakinan dan narasi historis masing-masing tradisi.
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creator: Adi Putra
creator: Esap Very
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Putra, Esap Very https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 41
ending page: 54
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.803

“Terlalu Berat Bagiku”
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description: Burnout dalam pelayanan sering dipahami sebagai persoalan psikologis yang muncul akibat tekanan pelayanan yang berkepanjangan. Dalam praktiknya, pelayanan kerap dipandang sebagai tuntutan untuk mempertahankan ketahanan rohani yang tinggi, sehingga realitas keterbatasan manusia sering diabaikan. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi burnout Musa, memahami respons Allah terhadap Musa, serta relevansinya bagi pelayanan gereja masa kini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan eksegetis-naratif terhadap Bilangan 11:13-15 melalui kajian konteks historis, gramatikal, dan teologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa burnout Musa muncul akibat tekanan komunal, tanggung jawab kepemimpinan yang terpusat pada satu orang, serta akumulasi kelelahan emosional dan spiritual yang berkepanjangan. Keluhan Musa dalam Bilangan 11:13-15 dipahami sebagai ekspresi keterbatasan manusia dalam menghadapi tekanan pelayanan, bukan bentuk pemberontakan terhadap Allah. Respons Allah terlihat melalui tanggung jawab dan dukungan komunitas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa burnout dalam pelayanan perlu diatasi melalui tanggung jawab bersama dan ketergantungan kepada Allah. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi perspektif biblika mengenai fenomena burnout dalam konteks pelayanan masa kini.
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creator: Sara Elvina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sara Elvina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 102
ending page: 115
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.812

Missio Dei and the challenge of prosperity practices
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description: This article offers a sharply critical missiological examination of the growing dominance of prosperity-oriented practices within churches in the Global South, with particular focus on East Africa. It argues that the prosperity gospel has effectively displaced the Missio Dei—God’s mission of reaching sinners with the saving message of Jesus Christ—by substituting the gospel of salvation with a transactional religion of wealth acquisition. Drawing on the works of David Bosch, Lesslie Newbigin, Kate Bowler, and Paul Gifford, the article demonstrates that prosperity teaching has become more attractive to many churchgoers than the gospel of repentance and redemption, a trend that should alarm every serious theologian and pastor. In East Africa, vulnerable believers have been manipulated into selling their properties, emptying their savings, and surrendering their livelihoods to churches and pastors who promise miraculous financial returns—effectively reducing God to an Automated Teller Machine or a cosmic lottery. This article contends that such practices constitute a fundamental betrayal of the church’s missional vocation, a form of spiritual abuse, and an affront to the character of God. It proposes a prophetic recovery of Missio Dei grounded in the proclamation of salvation, justice for the poor, and the dismantling of exploitative ecclesial structures.
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creator: Richard Ondicho Otiso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Richard Ondicho Otiso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 11
ending page: 24
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.767

Nilai Huma dan Pikukuh Karuhun sebagai Titik Temu Injil dan Tradisi Baduy dalam Perspektif Teologi Kontekstual
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description: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai-nilai budaya dalam masyarakat Baduy, khususnya konsep Huma (alam) dan Pikukuh Karuhun (aturan leluhur) sebagai titik temu dalam upaya kontekstualisasi Injil. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah, adanya ketegangan antara pewartaan Injil dengan pelestarian tradisi lokal yang sering dianggap bertentangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur dan analisis teologis-kontekstual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Huma yang menekankan harmoni dengan alam sementara Pikukuh Karuhun sebagai pedoman hidup memiliki keselarasan dengan prinsip-prinsip Alkitabiah seperti ketaatan, kesederhanaan, dan tanggung jawab terhadap ciptaan. Oleh karena itu, nilai-nilai ini dapat menjadi jembatan dalam mengkomunikasikan Injil secara kontekstual tanpa menghilangkan identitas budaya lokal. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan teologi kontekstual serta membuka ruang dialog antara iman Kristen dan budaya tradisional.
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creator: Theresia Cania Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Theresia Cania Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 25
ending page: 40
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.801

Penguatan Spiritualitas Kepemimpinan Kristen dalam Mengemban Amanat Agung Kristus di Era Digital
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description: This paper discusses the strategy for developing the spirituality of Christian leaders in fulfilling the call of the Lord Jesus to carry out His Great Commission. In this digital age, there are opportunities for Christian leaders to carry out the Great Commission creatively and to enrich their spirituality. However, this digital era also presents various temptations and challenges that can hinder the increase in spirituality that is indispensable in the preaching of the Gospel. With a qualitative approach and literature research methods, this paper argues that Christian leaders should be wise in responding to the opportunities presented by digital technology, thereby carrying out the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus Christ in faithfulness. Spirituality, resulting from a close relationship with the Lord Jesus, is essential in fulfilling His duties and callings. It is hoped that the thoughts in this paper will be useful for Christian leaders in the context of the church, theological education, and the public sphere.
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creator: Binsen Samuel Sidjabat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Binsen Samuel Sidjabat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 217
ending page: 232
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i2.734

Integrasi Kajian Teologis dan Peran Pastoral bagi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Isu LGBT di Malaysia
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description: The phenomenon of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) in Malaysia involves not only economic issues but also complex social and spiritual challenges. In an era of globalisation, cultural openness, and rapid digital development, migrant workers face moral and faith struggles, particularly related to LGBT issues that increasingly influence public discourse and personal values. This situation highlights the urgent need for churches and pastoral ministries to provide contextual accompaniment for diaspora communities. This study integrates theological reflection and pastoral ministry to assist TKI in responding to LGBT issues based on the love and truth of Christ. Using a qualitative literature review approach, the research examines theological, pastoral, and Christian educational psychology sources. The findings show that the integration of theology and pastoral care effectively fosters critical faith understanding, empathetic attitudes, and ethical behaviour amid value pluralism. Pastoral counselling grounded in love and incarnational theology is especially relevant in the diaspora context. This study contributes to contemporary pastoral practice and Christian educational psychology in the global era.
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creator: Lestimar Sihombing
creator: Andreas Eko Nugroho
creator: Jacob Mesakh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lestimar Sihombing, Andreas Eko Nugroho, Jacob Mesakh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 203
ending page: 216
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i2.727

Analisis Eklesiologis terhadap Model Insider Movement C5 dalam Perspektif Teologi Reformed
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description: The C5 category of the Insider Movement (IM-C5) has sparked ecclesiological debates because it allows followers of Christ from non-Christian religious backgrounds to retain their socio-religious identity while acknowledging Jesus as Savior. This approach is often considered strategic for reaching communities resistant to conventional evangelistic methods, but it also raises serious concerns regarding church boundaries, sacramentology, and doctrinal authority. From a Reformed theological perspective, the church is understood as a community established by the Word and the sacraments; therefore, any form of contextualization must remain consistent with Scripture and ecclesiological principles. This study aims to assess the theological implications of IM-C5 for the identity of the church within the Reformed framework. To address this issue, the research utilizes a qualitative, analytical-descriptive approach that includes library research and a systematic review of both primary and secondary literature. The findings indicate that, although IM-C5 holds strategic value in mission, its practice risks obscuring the identity of the church, weakening the understanding of the sacraments, and relativizing doctrinal authority. The main contribution of this study is the development of an evaluative rubric based on Reformed ecclesiology, which can be used to consistently assess contextualization strategies at both academic and practical levels.
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creator: Rendi Risky Laowo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rendi Risky Laowo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 173
ending page: 187
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i2.701

Suara Profetik Nabi Amos sebagai Dasar Teologis dalam Merespons Konflik Lahan
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description: The land conflict in Pandumaan-Sipituhuta, Humbang Hasundutan, was triggered by the granting of concessions by TPL that ignored the customary rights of communities who had managed the incense forest for generations. The church played an important role in advocating for justice through a prophetic pastoral approach, fighting for the rights of marginalized indigenous peoples and condemning the structural injustices that occurred. The church adheres to biblical teachings, such as those in the book of Amos, which call for social justice, as well as fighting for environmental preservation and the protection of customary rights. This study uses qualitative research in a prophetic pastoral approach. The results of this review show that the church is involved in documenting customary land to prove the legality of indigenous peoples' rights and acts as a mediator between the community and the government. Through prophetic pastoral care, the church voices the importance of respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and demands social change in accordance with God's will.
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creator: Riecha Priyadi Fhany Damanik
creator: Sari Asi Situmorang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Riecha Priyadi Fhany Damanik, Sari Asi Situmorang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 157
ending page: 172
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i2.621

Tevah dan Tipologi Kristus dalam Perjanjian Lama
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description: The Hebrew term תֵּבָה (tevah) is a rare expression in the Old Testament, occurring only in the narratives of Noah’s Ark (Gen. 6–9) and the infant Moses’ basket (Exod. 2:3, 5). This scarcity indicates both literary intentionality and a distinctive theological function. The purpose of this study is to examine tevah as a motif of salvation through intertextual and typological approaches, by analyzing the interconnection of these two narratives and their implications for the theology of salvation. The method employed is word study with semantic analysis, textual exposition, and canonically oriented typological reading. The findings reveal that tevah consistently appears in contexts where water represents the threat of death, yet functions as a divinely appointed means of deliverance: in Noah’s account, the tevah preserves humanity and creation, whereas in Moses’ account, the tevah preserves the life of a leader destined to deliver Israel. The intertextuality of the two underscores the continuity of God’s saving work that reaches its fulfillment in Christ, whereby tevah may be read as a Christological typology of salvation This study affirms that the motif of tevah unites the narrative of salvation from the Flood to the Nile, forming a theologically relevant pattern for both biblical interpretation and church mission practice, while also demonstrating the continuity of God’s saving work, which finds its fulfillment in Christ.
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creator: Anon Dwi Saputro
creator: Yokibet Henny Kawangung
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anon Dwi Saputro, Yokibet Henny Kawangung https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 189
ending page: 202
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i2.714

Sinergi Hermeneutik dan Homiletika dalam Khotbah Ekspositori:
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description: Khotbah ekspositori merupakan salah satu bentuk pemberitaan firman yang menempatkan teks Alkitab sebagai pusat pesan, dengan tujuan menguraikan makna asli teks dan mengaplikasikannya secara relevan bagi pendengar. Integrasi antara hermeneutik ilmu menafsirkan teks dan homiletika seni menyampaikan khotbah merupakan kunci agar khotbah ekspositori memiliki dampak yang mendalam. Hermeneutik yang akurat memastikan kesetiaan terhadap maksud penulis Alkitab, sementara homiletika yang baik menerjemahkan hasil penafsiran menjadi penyampaian yang hidup dan aplikatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan metode studi literatur dan analisis isi terhadap beberapa model khotbah ekspositori yang diterapkan di gereja-gereja. Sumber yang dianalisis meliputi karya akademik dalam bidang hermeneutik, teori homiletika, dan studi empiris tentang dampak khotbah ekspositori terhadap kehidupan jemaat. Data diolah untuk mengidentifikasi prinsip integrasi hermeneutik dan homiletika yang efektif. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa khotbah ekspositori yang berhasil mengintegrasikan hermeneutik dan homiletika memiliki tiga ciri utama: (1) kesetiaan pada teks Alkitab melalui proses eksegesis yang ketat; (2) struktur khotbah yang jelas, logis, dan berpusat pada Kristus; dan (3) penerapan yang relevan terhadap konteks kehidupan jemaat. Hasil studi juga menunjukkan bahwa jemaat yang secara konsisten menerima khotbah ekspositori integratif mengalami pertumbuhan iman yang lebih stabil, peningkatan ketekunan membaca Alkitab, dan keterlibatan yang lebih aktif dalam pelayanan gereja. Integrasi hermeneutik dan homiletika tidak hanya berfungsi menjaga kemurnian pesan Injil, tetapi juga memastikan bahwa kebenaran yang disampaikan mampu mengubah kehidupan pendengar. Khotbah yang lahir dari kombinasi ini menjadi transformatif, bukan sekadar informatif. Sejalan dengan Efesus 4:11–16, pemberitaan Firman yang sehat memampukan jemaat untuk bertumbuh menjadi dewasa secara rohani, tidak teromb…
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creator: Rocky Wongkar
creator: Daud Manno
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rocky Wongkar, Daud Manno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 73
ending page: 85
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.707

Merawat Ciptaan, Meruntuhkan Kuasa: Kritik Teologis terhadap Ekologi Kolonial melalui Spiritualitas Dayak
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description: The global ecological crisis is not merely an environmental issue but reflects a theological rupture in the relationship between humanity, creation, and the power structures that sustain them. This study offers a theological critique of colonial ecologies by exploring the spiritual-ecological practices of the Dayak communities in Kalimantan, particularly the conservation of simpukng and the agrarian ritual of nyelapat taun. It employs a qualitative approach grounded in conceptual-reflective literature analysis, utilizing a postcolonial deconstructive methodology within ecotheology to interpret indigenous practices as theological-hermeneutical fields. The study reinterprets these traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) practices in light of the Christian doctrine of Imago Dei, which has often been framed within anthropocentric paradigms. The findings reveal that Dayak spirituality not only supports biodiversity conservation and ecosystem regeneration but also embodies a relational paradigm between humans and nature, rooted in the community’s spiritual laws. Through this approach, the article argues that caring for creation is not merely an ecological obligation but a theological vocation that requires dismantling exploitative power structures. The integration of local wisdom and Christian theology thus opens a decolonial path toward an ecological future that is holistic, just, and spiritually grounded.
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creator: John Stevie Manongga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 John Stevie Manongga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 45
ending page: 61
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.554

Menjadi Pembawa Kabar Sukacita: Belajar dari Respons Para Gembala dalam Lukas 2:15
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description: This article highlights the significance of believers as bearers of the good news, drawing upon the response of the shepherds in Luke 2:15. In contemporary Christianity, many believers appear passive or hesitant in proclaiming the gospel, often due to misconceptions such as the notion that evangelism amounts to proselytism, that it ought to be replaced by interreligious dialogue or apologetics, or that doing good alone is sufficient for salvation. This study seeks to recover the missional example of the shepherds, who actively shared the message with those who had not yet heard it. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach through biblical textual analysis, the study examines the theological significance of the shepherds’ response. The findings indicate that the shepherds not only received and witnessed the good news but also became its earliest messengers. Their response offers a model for believers today: to embrace their calling to proclaim Christ, that others too might come to faith.
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creator: Jonidius Illu
creator: Eliyunus Gulo
creator: Nehemia Nome
creator: Merry Wati Rosdiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jonidius Illu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 44
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.552

Distopia Yohanes 12: Narasi Katarsis Rasul Yohanes dalam Periode Konflik
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description: This study begins by addressing compositional gaps in John 12 and its dynamic relationship with the Synoptic Gospels through an initial exegetical exploration. The findings are then developed into a narrative-historical analysis and interpreted using philosophical hermeneutics and catharsis theory to examine the internal condition of the Gospel’s author. The results indicate that John’s emotional state and underlying motives significantly influenced the structure and emphasis of chapter 12. His inner conflict as a disciple closely linked to both John the Baptist and Jesus underlies the unique features of this chapter when compared to the Synoptic parallels. Through cathartic contemplation, John is able to reimagine and narrate painful events with theological and pastoral depth. He recognises the necessity of recording these events faithfully so that his readers might perceive their profound meaning. Ultimately, the narrative conveys a striking message: the world is no longer a safe or ideal place for the followers of Christ. Rather, it has become a dystopian reality, underscoring the cost of discipleship and the enduring relevance of John's Gospel for a suffering community.
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creator: Valentino Wariki
creator: Yusak Setianto
creator: Muryati Muryati Muryati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Valentino Wariki, Yusak Setianto, Muryati Muryati Muryati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 77
ending page: 90
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.600

Harmonisasi Kasih Karunia dan Taurat
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description: This study examines the theological discourse surrounding grace and the Torah, a subject that has generated considerable debate among contemporary Christian communities. A prevalent view asserts that the grace made available through the death of Jesus Christ renders the Torah obsolete, thereby releasing Christians from its observance. In contrast, another perspective upholds the continued relevance of the Torah, particularly the Ten Commandments, as a moral and spiritual foundation. This ongoing debate underscores the need for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between grace and the Torah in the context of Christian life today. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to investigate the potential harmonisation between grace and the Torah within contemporary Christian practice. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this study utilises a literature review method, drawing primarily on biblical texts and supplemented by relevant peer-reviewed scholarly sources. The findings suggest that grace and the Torah need not be viewed in opposition, but rather as complementary aspects of Christian ethics and spirituality. From both philosophical and moral perspectives, the study affirms that Christians—whether they emphasise divine grace or Torah observance—are equally called to embody a life of moral integrity and ethical responsibility.
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creator: Jusup Maria Setiawan Sutandar
creator: Hikman Sirait
creator: Esti Rahayu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jusup Maria Setiawan Sutandar, Hikman Sirait, Esti Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 123
ending page: 140
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.609

Kajian Teologi Keluarga bagi Pemimpin Kristen dalam Kisah Abraham: Menelusuri Pola Inti Menuju Periferi
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description: The concept of Christian leadership often emphasises the character and competence of prominent biblical figures, while overlooking the foundational structures of sacred institutions from a Christian theological perspective. Furthermore, it frequently neglects essential supporting elements beyond these central individuals. This study explores the theology of the family as a lens through which to understand God's purposes for believers, while acknowledging that God's authority is manifested in every individual whom He appoints as a leader. Although leadership remains a central theme, this research focuses on the family narrative of Abraham which, when viewed from a New Testament Christian perspective, may not represent the ideal family model. Nevertheless, within Abraham’s story, the family emerges as the primary context through which God blesses His people and shapes leaders. The findings of this study suggest that Abraham’s family plays a pivotal role in forming his leadership and continues to offer valuable insights for the contemporary Church.
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creator: Asep Afaradi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asep Afaradi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 63
ending page: 76
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.592

Analisis Aspek Emosi Yesaya dalam Perjumpaan Allah: Studi Eksegesis Yesaya 6
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description: This article examines the aspect of emotions experienced by the prophet Isaiah in his encounter with God, described in Isaiah 6:1-8. This research is motivated by the lack of in-depth analysis of Isaiah's emotional aspects in the narrative, particularly using the 'Voice of the Bible' approach. Jill Middlemas, examines the emotional aspects of Isaiah's prophetic calling, but has not specifically highlighted the dynamics of Isaiah's emotional transition in encountering God. The research methodology involved textual analysis using an exegetical approach to Isaiah 6:1-8, including the study of key Hebrew words related to voice and emotion. Narrative analysis was used to identify the stages of the narrative and the emotions associated with each stage. In addition, a brief comparative analysis with call narratives from other prophets was conducted to provide a broader context. This research utilizes an interdisciplinary approach, combining perspectives from biblical studies, psychology, and spirituality. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to a deeper understanding of spiritual experience and its implications for contemporary spiritual life. By analyzing Isaiah's aspect of emotions, this research aims to provide new insights into the dynamics of divine encounter and spiritual transformation that can be applied in a modern context.
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creator: Denis Andrian
creator: Farel Yosua Sualang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Denis Andrian, Farel Yosua Sualang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 141
ending page: 156
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i2.591

Studi Biblika Otoritas Penciptaan terhadap Era Rekayasa Gender
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description: This article explores the authority of creation from a biblical perspective, focusing on the phenomenon of gender engineering as an ethical and theological challenge in the modern era. The study is grounded in the Christian belief that the human body is a creation of God, endowed with sacred value, divine dignity, and spiritual purpose. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, this research integrates insights from theology, medical science, and sociology. Its aim is to provide profound theological reflections on bodily modification in light of Christian values and to formulate an ethical framework to help Christians navigate these complex developments. The findings reveal that gender engineering creates a paradox between human freedom and divine authority. Extensive bodily modifications may be seen as violations of the sanctity of the body and the sovereignty of God. Within Christian thought, the human body is not merely a physical entity but a dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, thus requiring deep respect for its dignity. This study offers a significant contribution by presenting a biblically grounded ethical guide to help Christians understand and respond to the moral challenges posed by advances in modern medical technology.
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creator: Nikarni Zai
creator: Mozes Lawalata
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nikarni Zai, Mozes Lawalata https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 91
ending page: 107
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.602

Misi Dan Keteladanan Perempuan dalam Kisah Para Rasul 16:13-40: Perspektif Gereja Masa Kini
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description: This study examines the mission and role model of women in Acts 16:13–40, with a particular focus on the figure of Lydia and her relevance to the contemporary Church. Lydia’s role as a follower of Christ and a leader of the Christian community in Philippi illustrates that women have made significant contributions to the spread of the Gospel and the development of the early Church. The aim of this research is to explore how Lydia’s missional values and exemplary leadership can be applied within the context of women’s ministry and leadership in the modern Church. This study employs a descriptive qualitative methodology, incorporating narrative analysis of biblical texts alongside a review of contemporary theological literature. The findings indicate that women’s involvement in mission is vital to the growth of the Church, both historically and in the present day. The discussion highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by women in Church ministry, as well as strategies for empowering them in mission and leadership roles. This research offers a fresh perspective on the role of women in contemporary Church missions.
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creator: Margaretha Pasau
creator: Roberth Ruland Marini
creator: Nelly Nelly
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Margaretha Pasau, Roberth Ruland Marini, Nelly Nelly https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 109
ending page: 121
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.605

Simply Jesus: Kesederhanaan Hidup Yesus Kristus dan Transformasi Gereja Kontemporer
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description: Amid globalization and digitalization, many contemporary churches are shifting from Gospel-centered values toward consumerism and digital image culture. Worship services are often turned into visual and emotional entertainment, neglecting the core substance of faith. This trend raises concerns about spiritual degradation and a crisis of identity within the church as a prophetic community. This study explores the theological meaning of Jesus Christ’s simplicity and its relevance for modern church transformation. Using a library research method and thematic exegesis of biblical texts and recent theological literature, the study finds that Jesus’ simplicity is not merely a moral lifestyle but a theological act of kenosis—a rejection of worldly power, luxury, and status. The theology of simplicity offers a constructive response to the erosion of church values through reflective liturgical renewal, ministry-centered leadership reform, and recalibrated digital strategies that emphasize spiritual depth and social witness. The study recommends that churches intentionally embrace the paradigm of Jesus’ simplicity as a framework for cultivating an authentic, transformative, and contextually relevant spiritual community amid the challenges of the modern era.
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creator: Wennar
creator: Josep Tatang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Wennar, Josep Tatang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 29
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.546

PAKAIAN ADAT: SUATU TINJAUAN ETIKA KRISTEN TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL ULOS BATAK
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description: Certain church groups or denominations have recently given rise to movements that oppose or are even hostile to custom or tradition, such as those that oppose ulos giving. Arguments opposing the rejection of Batak ulos are frequently illogical and lack a thorough understanding of this culture. Therefore, the goal of this article is to educate the Batak community by presenting the Christian ethical perspective of the Batak ulos' local wisdom values. This will help to prevent the widespread rejection of the Batak people's usage of ulos as their identity. The research methodology employed in this qualitative study is library research and interviews with several sources. The study's findings demonstrate that, when viewed through the lens of Christian ethics, the local wisdom values found in Batak ulos are not in conflict with one another but rather align with God's word. As a result, this essay can significantly aid in educating Batak people from different religious backgrounds on the importance of local wisdom and how the Bible views these values.
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creator: Hikman Sirait
creator: Meriyana
creator: Esti Rahayu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Hikman Sirait, Meriyana, Esti Rahayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 196
ending page: 210
doi: 10.47457/phr.v7i2.533

KASIHANILAH AKU YA TUHAN: KRITIK NARATIF MENGENAI KASIH IBU MENURUT MATIUS 15:21-28
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description: The role of a mother is very important in shaping the character and personality of children. The narrative in Matthew 15:21-28 depicts the dedication of a Canaanite mother who humbles herself for the healing of her daughter. This story serves as a powerful representation of the essence of motherhood and an antithesis to the increasingly common phenomenon of being motherless in today's society. This research aims to explore the contribution of the Canaanite woman's narrative in understanding issues related to motherhood and the condition of being motherless. The methodology used is qualitative, with an in-depth analysis of the biblical text and its relevance to family complexities. The results indicate that this story offers a model of motherhood that emphasizes total dedication, humility, and persistence in seeking help. These values can be implemented through community support, parenting education programs that integrate spiritual values, and psychological support for mothers facing challenges in fulfilling their maternal roles. Furthermore, this narrative teaches that true motherhood has a strong spiritual dimension, reflecting responsibilities that go beyond the physical and emotional needs of children. Thus, this story not only functions as a historical narrative but also provides a comprehensive paradigm of motherhood that can address the crisis of being motherless in contemporary society.
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creator: Raulina Raulina
creator: Roy Haries Ifraldo Tambun
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Raulina Raulina, Roy Haries Ifraldo Tambun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 212
ending page: 226
doi: 10.47457/phr.v7i2.534

PERAN AYAH KRISTEN DALAM PEMENUHAN MISI KRISTUS DALAM KONTEKS KELUARGA
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description: According to God, fathers must guide their families with selfless love. If children correctly understand their earthly or physical father, they will also understand God well. In addition to being a follower of Christ, the parent must exhibit godly qualities and show him patience, humility, self-control, compassion, and meekness toward his children. Nonetheless, it is undeniable that many families are going through a crisis in the twenty-first century and lack the psychological and physical presence of a father. Many children are growing up without their fathers there. This study employs a descriptive methodology and a qualitative approach. The study aims to determine how Christian fathers contribute to the family's fulfillment of Christ's mission. The study's findings indicate that Christian fathers have fulfilled three functions: serving as loving fathers, role models, and spiritual leaders for their family members.
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creator: Sance Mariana Tameon
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sance Mariana Tameon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 182
ending page: 194
doi: 10.47457/phr.v7i2.512

Pendekatan Pastoral dalam Pendidikan Karakter Kristen Generasi Z berdasarkan Amsal 22:6
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description: This article discusses the role of pastoral counseling in shaping the character of Christian Generation Z, focusing on the exposition of Proverbs 22:6 as a biblical foundation. The research background stems from the challenges faced by Generation Z in the fast-paced digital era, which necessitates a relevant spiritual guidance approach. The research problem addresses how pastoral counseling can serve as an effective tool in guiding Generation Z to uphold Christian values. This study employs a qualitative method based on literature research, examining relevant works on the concept of pastoral counseling and the exposition of Proverbs 22:6. The aim of the research is to identify the relevance of pastoral counseling in the context of faith formation for Generation Z. The novelty of this research lies in its biblical exposition approach, specifically linked to Generation Z and the challenges of the digital age. The research findings suggest that pastoral counseling, grounded in the principles of Proverbs 22:6, can help Generation Z develop strong Christian character through relevant and contextual approaches.
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creator: Sutarman Laia
creator: Nehemia Nome
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sutarman Laia, Nehemia Nome https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.47457/phr.v8i1.513

ANALISIS TEOLOGIS MISI BIROKRAT KRISTEN DALAM PEMERINTAHAN
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description: The purpose of this study is to theologically analyze the mission of Christian bureaucrats in the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of North Toraja Regency. Through qualitative research methods with observation and interview techniques, it was found that the mission of the church in the government bureaucracy has not been visible, not because of the tendency of Christian bureaucrats to see the relationship between church and government in the framework of the third relationship (total separation), but there are still Christian bureaucrats who see it in the framework of the first relationship (state supremacy over the church). In addition, another influencing factor is that their understanding of mission is still traditional and inherits colonial understanding. However, in general, Christian bureaucrats understand that the relationship between church and government should be seen in terms of partnership, but it is not enough to reach the stage of understanding. Therefore, building a critical-prophetic, positive, creative, and realistic partnership between the church and the government through the mission of Christian bureaucrats is one of the church's mission strategies that needs serious attention and focus. It is important that every Christian who is hypostatized into Christ through the church wherever they are, should act in an eucharistic and sacramental way. Thus, the public sphere and the ecclesiastical sphere are intertwined.
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creator: Harun Harun
creator: Sulaiman Manguling
creator: Yan Kristianus Kadang
creator: I Made Suardana
creator: Ezra Tari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Harun Harun, Sulaiman Manguling, Yan Kristianus Kadang, I Made Suardana, Ezra Tari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 133
ending page: 145
doi: 10.47457/phr.v7i2.500

MENINGKATKAN PUBLIKASI JURNAL TEOLOGI MELALUI PENGUASAAN BERAGAM METODE PENELITIAN TEOLOGI
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description: The problem in this article highlights the importance of increasing the quantity and quality of publication of theological scientific journal articles. The increase is highly determined by researchers who master various scientific research methods in the field of theological studies. The purpose of this article is to discuss mastery of research methods that can support the improvement of the quality and quantity of publication of theological journal articles. The method used is Bible Research. As a result, every researcher in the field of theology must master various methods or approaches in researching biblical texts; adapting the scientific method to research the biblical text; using important points that can support the discovery of principles or teachings that respect the authority of the Bible is the word of God. In conclusion, theological research is very dynamic by adapting scientific methods to increase the publication of theological journals.
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creator: Sostenis Nggebu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Sostenis Nggebu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 147
ending page: 163
doi: 10.47457/phr.v7i2.506

PENDEKATAN DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE DALAM PENGGUNAAN CHANT HOHO SUKU NIAS: SEBUAH UPAYA KONTEKSTUALISASI IBADAH
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description: Over the centuries, churches in the East and West have integrated various cultural elements into liturgy, a process known as inculturation or contextualization. In Indonesia, this is evident in ethnic worship practices. However, churches in Indonesia face challenges in this process due to historical and theological factors. The first challenge is related to the influence of Western mission institutions, making it difficult to break away from Western liturgical forms. The second challenge pertains to the issue of syncretism, leading to the rejection of local cultural elements in worship. Although it is recognized that the Gospel and worship are related to the cultural context, the process of inculturation in Indonesia remains spontaneous and experimental. Cultural elements often appear as mere ornaments, without being integrated into worship. The main issue lies in how to contextualize liturgical elements, rooted in the problem of dichotomous thinking, which makes it difficult to strengthen congregational identity while preserving local culture. To address this, the author proposes analyzing the contextualization of worship with a focus on the practice of singing. Using the dynamic equivalence method, this study aims to provide a framework for incorporating the Nias chant hoho into Christian worship in a thoughtful manner. This method can offer valuable insights for other churches that wish to effectively integrate local culture into their worship practices. The author focuses this article on the specific aspect of the chant hoho, which is a Nias oral tradition that can be manifested in Christian worship as congregational singing.
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creator: Novelman Wau
creator: Budianto Lim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Novelman Wau, Budianto Lim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-19
publication date: 2024-12-19
starting page: 165
ending page: 180
doi: 10.47457/phr.v7i2.507

ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL PROBLEMATICS Implementation of the Great Commission as a Contribution to Missions in the Indonesian Context
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description: The Great Commission of the Lord Jesus speaks of the sending out of the disciples by Jesus to go and make disciples of all nations. There is an assumption that its implementation today applies only to disciples of Christ, not to the church, contains only evangelism, and is considered unnecessary. This study identifies the challenges faced in the implementation of the Great Commission, analyzes its contribution to interfaith dialogue and cooperation, and assesses the social impact of the implementation of the Great Commission in the context of Indonesian pluralism. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, through the process of collecting data from various literatures and interpreting it to draw conclusions. The results show that there are several challenges and opportunities in the implementation of the Great Commission, including resistance, government regulation, social disparity, economic inequality, and social and religious tensions. Keywords: Social Problems, Great Commission, Christian Mission, Pluralism, Indonesia, Interfaith Dialogue, Evangelism
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creator: Malik Bambangan
creator: Stenly R. Paparang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Malik Bambangan, Stenly R. Paparang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 55
ending page: 72
doi: 10.47457/phr.v9i1.484

TRANSFORMASI SPIRITUALITAS
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description: The research addressed the gap between the theological concept of the new man in Christ and its implementation in everyday Christian life, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of this concept to address uncertainties and misconceptions among believers. Through a qualitative theological approach, the study explored the subjective meaning of religious beliefs, religious practices, and biblical texts. Findings indicated that the concept of the new man emphasized the importance of spiritual transformation and the embodiment of values of love and truth in Christian life practices. Implications included shifts in self-perception and perceptions of others, conflict resolution, and understanding of true life purposes. The novelty of thought lay in the comprehensive application of the concept of the new man in the text of Colossians 3:5-17, aiming to bring positive impacts to individuals and communities. Thus, understanding and embodying this concept called believers to live in freedom, sanctity, and authentic love.
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creator: Yunus Monei
creator: Roberth Ruland Marini
creator: Pestaria Happy Kristiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Yunus Monei, Roberth Ruland Marini, Pestaria Happy Kristiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 104
ending page: 117
doi: 10.47457/phr.v7i1.475