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Abstract
Burnout dalam pelayanan sering dipahami sebagai persoalan psikologis yang muncul akibat tekanan pelayanan yang berkepanjangan. Dalam praktiknya, pelayanan kerap dipandang sebagai tuntutan untuk mempertahankan ketahanan rohani yang tinggi, sehingga realitas keterbatasan manusia sering diabaikan. Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi burnout Musa, memahami respons Allah terhadap Musa, serta relevansinya bagi pelayanan gereja masa kini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan eksegetis-naratif terhadap Bilangan 11:13-15 melalui kajian konteks historis, gramatikal, dan teologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa burnout Musa muncul akibat tekanan komunal, tanggung jawab kepemimpinan yang terpusat pada satu orang, serta akumulasi kelelahan emosional dan spiritual yang berkepanjangan. Keluhan Musa dalam Bilangan 11:13-15 dipahami sebagai ekspresi keterbatasan manusia dalam menghadapi tekanan pelayanan, bukan bentuk pemberontakan terhadap Allah. Respons Allah terlihat melalui tanggung jawab dan dukungan komunitas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa burnout dalam pelayanan perlu diatasi melalui tanggung jawab bersama dan ketergantungan kepada Allah. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi perspektif biblika mengenai fenomena burnout dalam konteks pelayanan masa kini.
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References
- Alter, Robert. 2011. The Art of Biblical Narrative. New York: Basic Books
- Aronsson, Gunnar, Töres Theorell, Tom Grape, Anne Hammarström, Christer Hogstedt, Ina Marteinsdottir, Ingmar Skoog, Lil Träskman-Bendz, dan Charlotte Hall. 2017. “A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis of Work Environment and Burnout Symptoms.” BMC Public Health 17(264): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4153-7.
- Ashley, Timothy R. 1993. The Book of Numbers: New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
- Brown, Raymond. 2016. The Message of Numbers. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press
- Budd, Philip J. 2016. Numbers: Word Biblical Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
- Burns, Bob. 2013. Tasha Chapman, and Donald C. Guthteri, Resilient Ministry. Downers Grove, IL: IVP.
- Buratti, Sandra, Martin Geisler, dan Carl Martin Allwood. 2020. “The Association Between Prosocialness, Relational-Interdependent Self-construal and Gender in Relation to Burnout Among Swedish Clergy.” Review of Religious Research 62(4): 583-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-020-00420-3.
- Cordeiro, Wayne. 2009. Leading on Empty. Grand Rapids, MI: Bethany House
- Dunbar, Scott, Thomas Frederick, Yvonne Thai, dan John Gill. 2020. “Calling, Caring, and Connecting: Burnout in Christian Ministry.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 23 (2): 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1744548.
- Frederick, Thomas V., Scott E. Dunbar, and Yvonne Thai. 2023. “The Importance of Differentiation of Self and Ministry Satisfaction in Predicting Pastoral Burnout.” Pastoral Psychology 72(1): 121-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-022- 01052-w.
- Frederick, Thomas V., Yvonne Thai, and Scott Dunbar. 2021. “Coping with Pastoral Burnout Using Christian Contemplative Practices.” Religions 12(6): 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060378.
- Fulmer, Crystal B., and Robert R. Sinclair. 2023. “Burnout Among Pastors in Relation to Congregation Member and Church Organizational Outcomes.” Review of Religious Research 65(1): 62-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034673X231176075.
- Kim, Joungsue, Ria Kwon, Hyunok Yun, Ga-Young Lim, Kyung-Sook Woo, and Inah Kim. 2024. “The Association between Long Working Hours, Shift Work, and Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 50(7): 503–518. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4182.
- Maslach, Christina. 2003. Burnout: The Cost of Caring. Cambridge, MA: Malor Books
- Nouwen, Henri J. M. 1972. The Wounded Healer: Ministry in the Contemporary Society. New York: Doubleday.
- Peterson, Eugene H. 1989. The Contemplative Pastor: Returning to the Art of Spiritual Direction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans
- Samushonga, Hartness M. 2020. “Distinguishing Between the Pastor and the Superhero: God on Burnout and Self-care.” Journal of Pastoral Theology 30(3): 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10649867.2020.1748919
- Sanders, J. Oswald. 2007. Spiritual Leadership: Spiritual Maturity. Chicago: Moody Publishers
- Scazzero, Peter. 2017. Emotionally Healthy Spirituality. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
- Sirris, Stephen. 2023. “Exploring the Limits of the Pastoral Profession: Discursive Boundary Work in Interactions Between Pastors and Deans in the Church of Norway.” Scandinavian Journal for Leadership and Theology 10: 81-103. https://doi.org/10.53311/sjlt.v10.111.
- Stuart, Douglas K. 2009. Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press
- Wenham, Gordon J. 2008. Numbers: Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries. Nottingham, England: Inter-Varsity Press
References
Alter, Robert. 2011. The Art of Biblical Narrative. New York: Basic Books
Aronsson, Gunnar, Töres Theorell, Tom Grape, Anne Hammarström, Christer Hogstedt, Ina Marteinsdottir, Ingmar Skoog, Lil Träskman-Bendz, dan Charlotte Hall. 2017. “A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis of Work Environment and Burnout Symptoms.” BMC Public Health 17(264): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4153-7.
Ashley, Timothy R. 1993. The Book of Numbers: New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
Brown, Raymond. 2016. The Message of Numbers. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press
Budd, Philip J. 2016. Numbers: Word Biblical Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
Burns, Bob. 2013. Tasha Chapman, and Donald C. Guthteri, Resilient Ministry. Downers Grove, IL: IVP.
Buratti, Sandra, Martin Geisler, dan Carl Martin Allwood. 2020. “The Association Between Prosocialness, Relational-Interdependent Self-construal and Gender in Relation to Burnout Among Swedish Clergy.” Review of Religious Research 62(4): 583-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-020-00420-3.
Cordeiro, Wayne. 2009. Leading on Empty. Grand Rapids, MI: Bethany House
Dunbar, Scott, Thomas Frederick, Yvonne Thai, dan John Gill. 2020. “Calling, Caring, and Connecting: Burnout in Christian Ministry.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 23 (2): 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1744548.
Frederick, Thomas V., Scott E. Dunbar, and Yvonne Thai. 2023. “The Importance of Differentiation of Self and Ministry Satisfaction in Predicting Pastoral Burnout.” Pastoral Psychology 72(1): 121-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-022- 01052-w.
Frederick, Thomas V., Yvonne Thai, and Scott Dunbar. 2021. “Coping with Pastoral Burnout Using Christian Contemplative Practices.” Religions 12(6): 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12060378.
Fulmer, Crystal B., and Robert R. Sinclair. 2023. “Burnout Among Pastors in Relation to Congregation Member and Church Organizational Outcomes.” Review of Religious Research 65(1): 62-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034673X231176075.
Kim, Joungsue, Ria Kwon, Hyunok Yun, Ga-Young Lim, Kyung-Sook Woo, and Inah Kim. 2024. “The Association between Long Working Hours, Shift Work, and Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 50(7): 503–518. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4182.
Maslach, Christina. 2003. Burnout: The Cost of Caring. Cambridge, MA: Malor Books
Nouwen, Henri J. M. 1972. The Wounded Healer: Ministry in the Contemporary Society. New York: Doubleday.
Peterson, Eugene H. 1989. The Contemplative Pastor: Returning to the Art of Spiritual Direction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans
Samushonga, Hartness M. 2020. “Distinguishing Between the Pastor and the Superhero: God on Burnout and Self-care.” Journal of Pastoral Theology 30(3): 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10649867.2020.1748919
Sanders, J. Oswald. 2007. Spiritual Leadership: Spiritual Maturity. Chicago: Moody Publishers
Scazzero, Peter. 2017. Emotionally Healthy Spirituality. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
Sirris, Stephen. 2023. “Exploring the Limits of the Pastoral Profession: Discursive Boundary Work in Interactions Between Pastors and Deans in the Church of Norway.” Scandinavian Journal for Leadership and Theology 10: 81-103. https://doi.org/10.53311/sjlt.v10.111.
Stuart, Douglas K. 2009. Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press
Wenham, Gordon J. 2008. Numbers: Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries. Nottingham, England: Inter-Varsity Press